- BORICH (1992)

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•Lesson Clarity
•Instructional Variety
•Task Orientation
•Engagement in the Learning
Process
•Student Success
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 BLOOM’S PRINCIPLES
•Mastery Learning
•Cognitive entry Behaviors
•Time on Tasks
•Learning Outcomes
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 BRUNER’S PRINCIPLES
• Readiness, Motivation and
Interaction with Environment:
Permit students to become active
participants in learning.

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 BRUNER’S PRINCIPLES
• Optimal Sequence: Instruction
proceeds from concrete to abstract,
simple to complex, part to whole.

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 BRUNER’S PRINCIPLES
• Rewards and Punishment:
Indicate where, when and under
what circumstances correction and
praise will occur.

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 MARKLE & GAGNE’S PRINCIPLES
• Active Responding: Refers to student
activities that are covert, overt,
psychomotor or verbal.
• Errorless Learning: Reducing error as
much as possible.

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 MARKLE & GAGNE’S PRINCIPLES
• Immediate Feedback:
The accurate, detailed comments
about student performance, which result
to less error and more learnings.

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