DISCOURSE

MARKERS:
CONNECTORS
Gabriela Morgado Gómez
Result
■ When you want to indicate the result of an action or situation
■ So: Cause of a result
- It was freezing cold, so I wore a thick coat.

■ As a result: Formal, at the begining of each sentence

- It snowed all night. As a result, the airport was closed

■ Therefore/Consequently : Formal, at the begining of each

sentence, before a main verb
- We regret you don’t have the necessary qualifications, therefore/consequently we can’t
hire you.
Reason
■ You will often need to answer the question ‘Why?’. When you want to
explain why something happens, you can use a reason clause
■ Because/As/Since: Introduce clauses giving a reason
- I have stopped writting to her because/as/since she never answers me.

■ Because of: To express the reason for something. Before a noun.

- The plane was late because of the fog.

■ Due to/Owing to: More formal

- Our flight was delayed due to/owing to teh bad weather
Purpose
■ You use a purpose clause when you want to state the purpose of the
action in the independent clause.
■ To/In order to/So as to: Introduce clauses of purpose
- I took a language course to/in order to/ so as to improve my english.

■ So as no to of: For negative purpose

- She closed the door quietly so as not to/in order not to wake the baby

■ So (that): can/could+verb
- They moved to Quito so (that) they could see their grandchildren more often
Contrast
■ When you want to make two statements, one of which contrasts
with the other or makes it appear unexpected or surprising
■ But: Common and informal
■ Yet: Formal
■ Howewer: More formal ,beggining sentence, followed by a
comma.
■ Nevertheless/Nonetheless: formal,beggining sentence, followed
by a comma.
■ Althought/Even thought(emphatic)/Thought: common, also used
at the end of the sentence.
■ Inspite of/Despite/Despite the fact: you must use a gerund, a
noun, or the fact that+clause
Exercises

■ https://www.test-english.com/grammar-points/b2/clauses-contrast-purpose-
reason-result/
■ https://www.test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/clauses-contrast-purpose-
reason/2/
■ https://www.test-english.com/grammar-points/b1/clauses-contrast-purpose-
reason/3/
■ https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=6268
■ All the pages have the option to correct your answers and know what were your
mistakes