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Physics 111: Lecture 3 Today's Agenda: Reference Frames and Relative Motion Uniform Circular Motion
Physics 111: Lecture 3 Today's Agenda: Reference Frames and Relative Motion Uniform Circular Motion
Today’s Agenda
Valid IRFs can have fixed velocities with respect to each other.
More about this later when we discuss forces.
For now, just remember that we can make measurements
from different vantage points.
Air
Vp,a
Air
Vp,a
Va,g
Vp,g
Va,g
Vp,a
Vp,g
(a) 50 3 29
(b) 50 2 35
(c) 50 1 50 50 m 1 m/s
2 m/s
Since you swim straight across, you must be tilted in the water so that
your x component of velocity with respect to the water exactly cancels
the velocity of the water in the x direction:
1 m/s
y 2 2 12
2 m/s 1m/s
3 m/s
x
3 m/s
50 m
y
Constant Radius R
y
Constant Speed v = |v|
v
(x,y)
In UCM:
R is constant (hence vR = 0).
(angular velocity) is constant.
Polar coordinates are a natural way to describe UCM!
1 revolution = 2radians
x = R cos R (x,y)
y = R sin
x
1
cos sin
0
/2 3/2 2
-1
Realize that: R
s
period (T) = seconds / revolution
So T = 1 / f = 2/
= 2 / T = 2f
x = R cos() = R cos(t)
y = R sin() = R sin(t)
= arctan (y/x) v
(x,y)
R
s
= t t
s=vt
s = R = Rt
v = R
Now introduce
^
“polar unit-vectors” r^ and :
r^ points in radial direction
^ points in tangential direction
^ ^
(counter clockwise) r
y
j
x
i
v
v2
v1
v2
R v1
t
v
R
seems like v (hence v/t )
points at the origin!
a = dv / dt
R
We see that a points
in the - R direction.
v R
v Similar triangles:
v R
v1
v2
But R = vt for small t
v2
v vt v v 2
R v1 So:
R
v R t R
v2
a
R
R
a
v2 v = R
We know that a and
R
R 2
a
R
a = 2R
(a) 500 m
(b) 1000 m
(c) 2000 m
10000
R m 1000 m D 2R 2000 m
9.81
2km
what is a here? f
^ ).
direction of a points at the propeller hub (-r
R RE
amoon g
R RE
(a) 0 m/s2
(b) 8.9 m/s2
(c) 9.8 m/s2
91 min 60 s rot
Realize that: RO
RO = RE + 300 km
= 6.4 x 106 m + 0.3 x 106 m 300 km
= 6.7 x 106 m
RE
a = 2R
a = 8.9 m/s2