Metacentric Height

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA

BASIC HYDRAULICS
ECW321
OPEN-ENDED LAB
MARCH 2019 – JULY 2019
TITLE OF : DETERMINATION OF METACENTRIC HEIGHT
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EXPERIMENT
DATE OF :
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EXPERIMENT
GROUP :
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GROUP MEMBERS :
LECTURER NAME rs e :
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LEVEL OF OPENESS :
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NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

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1 INTRODUCTION CO5 PO6

CO5 PO6
2 BASIC CONCEPTS
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SUMMARY OF CO5 PO6

3
PROCEDURES/METHODS
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ANALYSIS AND CO5 PO6

4 INTERPRETATION OF
DATA
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5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT 2 4 6 8 10
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6 CONCLUSION 2 4 6 8 10
TOTAL MARKS /20

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LAB REPORT SELF-ASSESMENT
√ (If VERIFIED
N
ITEM DETAILS Available) AND
O BY TEAM
LEADER
COMMENTS
BY
LECTURER
1. Introduction of results
2. Right data collected form experiment
3. Value of data relate to objectives
4. Analysis of data with caption
ANALYSIS AND  Average 3 data
1 INTERPETATION  Pattern or trend
OF DATA  Graph
 Tables
 Equations
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 Sample calculation
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5. SI unit
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1. Introduction of discussion
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2. Explain direct relationship of
variables
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3. Explain the results means
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DISCUSSION OF
2 RESULT
value (BS/ASTM/current practice)
5. State the value of error to standard
value
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6. Implication of results
7. Error of experiment
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8. Precaution
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1. Explain finding based on objective

2. Answer objective of the experiment
3 CONCLUSION 3. Percentage of data error
4. Future recommendation
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INTRODUCTION
Metacentric height is the distance between the center of gravity of floating body and the
metacenter. A larger metacentric height implies greater stability against overturning. Metacentric
height also has implication on the natural period of rolling of a hull, with very large metacentric
heights being associated with shorter periods of roll. For static equilibrium of the pontoon, the
total weight, W, (which acts through the center of gravity, G) must be equal to the buoyancy
force which acts through the center of buoyancy, B, which is located at the centroid of the
immersed cross-section. When the pontoon heels through a small angle, the metacenter, M is
identified as the point of intersection between the lines of action of the buoyancy force (always
vertical) and BG extend. For stable equilibrium, M must be above G.
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OBJECTIVE
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The objective of the experiment is to determine the position of metacentric height.
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METHODOLOGY
a) Apparatus:
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Metacentric height apparatus Storage box Ruler

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b) Procedures:
1. The pontoon, jockey weight and adjustable weight was weighed and the pontoon
dimensions was measured.
2. The pontoon was located at center of gravity by putting a knife edge on the mast. The
plum bob was kept approximately near its normal position.
3. The pontoon then was placed into the water.
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4. The jockey weight was adjusted to its middle position. The plumb bob shown a reading of “O”
tilt.
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5. The jockey weight was moved slightly to one side and the distance and the angle of tilt was
recorded.
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6. Step 5 was being repeated until maximum tilt. It will cause the pontoon unstable.
7. Next, step 6 was also being repeated using different adjustable weight heights.
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DATA ACQUISITION
 TABLE
Weigh Position of Jockey Weight, X1 (cm)

Heigh
t on
the
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Mast
Y1
(mm)
Weigh Angle ɵ
12.5 10.5 7 4 0.5 3 6 9 11.5
Heigh (degree)
t on dx/dɵ 0.7182 0.63 0.5922 0.5166 0.4158 0.4788 0.567 0.6426 0.7056
the
Mast
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Y1 Metacentric
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(mm) 57 50 47 41 33 38 45 51 56
Height (mm)
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Weigh Angle ɵ
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14 13.5 11.5 7 1 5 10 13.5 14
Heigh (degree)
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t on 0.75
dx/dɵ 0.819 0.63 0.5796 0.4284 0.5418 0.63 0.7056 0.8316
the 6
Mast
Y1
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Metacentric
(mm) 65 60 50 46 34 43 50 56 66
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Height (mm)
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25
Table: Data of metacentric height and Analysis calculation after experiment.
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 CALCULATION
When Metacentric Height (GM) = 57;

dx/dɵ = GM (W/ω)
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= 57 (2520/200)
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= 0.7182
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DISCUSSION
The experiment is conducted to determine the position of metacentric height. The

metacentric height is a measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body. It is
calculated as the distance between the center of gravity of a ship and its metacenter. The
metacenter is the point of intersection of the buoyant force and the center of gravity.
This lab experiment consisted in locating the metacentric point in order to test the
buoyancy stability of a lab pontoon under certain circumstances. In order to verify the
stability conditions of an immersed body is necessary to locate its metacentric point. One of
the conditions is that when the center of buoyancy and center of gravity are coincident, the
body is stable. It can be prove using the data taken from the experiment. When the Jockey
Weight is positioned at distance 10cm, which is the center of the pontoon’s body, the angle
shows the smaller value of angle (0.5˚ and 1.0˚) to be compare with the angle when the
Jockey Weight is located to another angle. When the Jockey Weight is near to the weigh
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height on mast y, the angle produced is smaller, then the body become more stabled.
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The weight height on mast y also can influence the stability of a floating body. The
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lower the weigh height setup, the stable the body to float on a water. To prove that, we can
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see when the weigh height is 20mm, the ‘angle of stability’ resulted is lower than the angle
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resulted when the weigh height is 25mm at all point. In this experiment the center of gravity
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was higher than the center of buoyancy causing a slight tilt when changing the position of
mass, although it became unstable as the experiment carried on, it still was stable enough to
produce a moment to counter the action as the metacenter increases. When the center of
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gravity is above the center of buoyancy, the location of metacentric Height is lower. As a
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result, we can say that when the angle produced is lower, the value of dx/dɵ and metacentric
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height also lower, making the body is more stable to float.
The error while conducting this experiment is the error in the measurement of angle
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because of the setup could not be brought to rest completely and when noting down the exact
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angle. We have minimize the error by switch off the fan to avoid the wind disturbing the
pontoon, and take the reading when the pontoon is completely stable.
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CONCLUSION
From the experiment, we have concluded the stability of the pontoon through
experimental determination as well as theoretical. Considering the stability of the pontoon,
buoyancy works according to Archimedes principle, the upward force on an object that’s
fully or partially immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that it displaces. If
the fluid changes in the experiment and has a constant density, the object is submerged by a
fixed amount, the buoyancy force will be proportional to the density of the fluid been
tested. The procedure of determination of metacentric height, as well as its application
to the stability of floating bodies, has been discussed. For a stable equilibrium, the
metacentric height must be above its center of gravity. However, there is a lot of room
to generate personal errors when reading a measurement such as the pontoon floating on
water made the plumb oscillate which could result in inaccurate data reading.
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REFERENCES rs e
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1. J. M. a. J. Kliava, “Metacenter and ship stability,” American Journal of Physics, vol.78
no.7, 2010.
2. Ship Stability. Kemp & Young. ISBN 0-85309-042-4
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CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA

TITLE OF : DETERMINATION OF METACENTRIC HEIGHT

NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION CO5 PO6

SUMMARY OF CO5 PO6

ANALYSIS AND CO5 PO6

TOTAL MARKS /20

1. Explain finding based on objective

Metacentric height apparatus Storage box Ruler

3. The pontoon then was placed into the water.

Weigh Position of Jockey Weight, X1 (cm)

When Metacentric Height (GM) = 57;

The experiment is conducted to determine the position of metacentric height. The

height also lower, making the body is more stable to float.

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