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Delegationanddecentralisation 120627021314 Phpapp01
Delegationanddecentralisation 120627021314 Phpapp01
Downward delegation.
Upward delegation.
Sidewise delegation .
Principles of delegation
Centralization of performance .
Departmental centralization.
Centralization of managements.
When do organizations tend to be
centralized ?
Uniformity of actions .
Coordination and integration of
organizational efforts which leads to focus on
overall organizational perspectives .
Quick decisions (particularly in time of
emergency ).
Economic.
Powerful top management.
Limitations of centralization
Significance of a decision.
Desire for uniformity.
Size of the business unit .
Decentralization for performance .
Business dynamics .
History of the enterprise.
Desire for independence.
Availability of competent managers .
Efficacy of control techniques .
Nature of top management .
Environmental influence
Decentralization as a philosophy and
policy
Heinz Weihrich
Mark V Cannice
Harold Koontz
Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert
Principles of Management by JK Jain
www.wikipedia.org
Arthur Lupia’s report on “Delegation of power
:agency theory.”
Gerard M Blair’s report on “The art of delegation.”