SELF HEALING

MATERIALS

By Abhishek M
KIT15ME001 1
 INTRODUCTION
•Able to detect damage and heal itself to a certain degree.

•This property can increase materials lifetime, reduce replacement

costs, and improve product safety.

•Recovery of properties such as fracture toughness tensile strength

surface smoothness.

•First proposed by the US Army in the 1980’s.

•Developed using biomimicking.

Need For Self Healing Materials
 Built in capability to substantially recover their load
transferring ability after damage.

 Contribute greatly to the safety and durability of polymeric

components.

 Capable of continuously sensing and responding to damage

over the lifetime.

 Restoring the material performance.

 Offers great opportunities for broadening the applications.

 Recovery of properties such as fracture toughness,

tensile strength.
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Strategies Of Self Healing

•Intrinsic Self Healing

•In Situ Thermal Welding

•Thermo Reversible Cross Linking Reaction

•Extrinsic Self Healing

•Micro Encapsulation
•Hollow Fiber
•Micro vascular Network

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INTRINSIC SELF
HEALING MATERIALS
 In Situ Thermal Welding

•Used to heal internal cracks of thermoplastic

materials
•Supply external energy in the form of heat
•Cracks have a healing rate of 1.7% due to
interface annealing.
Thermo-reversible cross-linking reaction

•Transparent polymeric material with highly cross-

linked self-healing ability
•This material can be repaired repeatedly through
the covalent reaction which needs a simple heat
treatment
•Does not require Additional catalyst or monomer
molecules
•Has equivalent mechanical properties to general
resin such as epoxy and unsaturated polymer
Extrinsic Self Healing
Materials
Microencapsulation

• Healing Agent is filled in Hollow capsules and

dispersed into the material.
• When subjected to force or vibration micro cracks
will appear.
• The hollow capsules rupture and Healing agent
flows out.
• The healing agent cures the crack under the
conditions of catalyst.
• The material regains 75% of its original toughness.
Hollow Fiber
• Healing Principle is essentially same as micro encapsulation.
• The difference is in the way the healing agent is carried in the material
• The resin is carried infused in hollow fibers in the materials.
• When ruptured the fibers release resin material that does the healing.
• Recovers about 84% of the original toughness
Microvascular Network

• Most biometric Approach

• Mimics vascular network of most plants and
animals.
• Very difficult to achieve practically in large scales
• Continuously transports healing materials to the
site of repair.
• Due to the interconnected nature the Resin
reservoir can be replenished.
• This can help in multiple healing.
Microvascular Network oozing out resin through cracks
 APPLICATIONS
• Automotive industry : Nissan Motor co. Ltd. has
commercialized world´s first self-healing clear coat for
car surfaces.

• This hydrophobic paint repair scratches ( arising from car

washings, off-road driving etc.) on coated car surfaces and
effective for 3 years.

. Paint contains high elastic resins that prevent scratches

reaching the inner layers of painted car surface.

. Depending on depth of scratch and temperature in the

surrounding environment, the entire recovery occurs between
1 and 7 days.
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. Twocomponent polyurethane clear coats from Bayer
MaterialScience.

Coating heals small scratches under the influence of heat(sunlight).

. Trick employed to design such coatings is based on use of dense

polymer networks with flexible linkages.

. Self-healing corrosion resistant coatings beneficial for structural

metallic components such as steel for achieving long-term
service life with reduced maintenance cost.

. Biocompatible self-healing composite may extend the

service life of artificial bone, artificial teeth.

. The very-recent discovery of self-healing rubber may find

application in toy industry. 15
Summary
• Self-healing technology has profound significance to improve
safety and reliability of product and great prospects for
development and applications in a number of important
engineering and cutting-edge technology.
• The biggest difficulty of intelligent self-healing technology lies
in how to detect the location and extent of fracture damage
inside the material and how to suppress or repair damage and
fracture, which would involve sensing technology,
microelectronics, materials science and artificial intelligence and
structural engineering and other disciplines.
• Although the application and research of intelligent self-
repairing material are still in its infancy, to be a new
breakthrough in many ways, it is still a bright future and will
become a research focus of materials science and engineering
fields.
CONCLUSION
• Methods of incorporating self healing
capabilities in polymer composites can now
effectively address numerous damage
mechanisms at molecular and structural level.
. Underlying core damage successfully restored to the
undamaged strength using vascular self healing
system which releases liquid healing agent into the
damage zone created by an impact event.
• Hollow fiber, microencapsulation, thermally
initiated healing have greater potential to provide
multiple healing capabilities over extended time
frames. 17
Thank You.

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