Constructor

Constructor
• Is a special member function used for
initializing an object.
• doesn’t have return any value.
• name of constructor is same as class name.
• doesn’t need to invoked by using an object.
• they should be declare in the public
section.
• may involve both
1. Constructor with default argument
2. Constructor with argument or
parameterize constructor.
• may define outside or inside of the class.
• Syntax for outside defining
class_name :: constructor_name(arguments)
{
constructor body;
}
E.g………
Class circle void main()
{ {
int r; circle a;
public: a.area();
void setdata(int n) a.setdata(5);
{ a.area();
r = n; }
}
void area()
{
float a = 3.14 * r * r;
cout<<“Area is:”<<a;
}
circle()
{
r = 1;
}
};
E.g…Of parameterize constructor
Class circle void main()
{ {
int r; circle a(5),b(2);
public: a.area();
void area() b.area();
{ }
float a = 3.14 * r * r;
cout<<“Area is:”<<a;
}
circle(int n)
{
r = n;
}
};
E.g…Of constructor with default argument
Class circle void main()
{ {
int r; circle a(5),b(2),c;
public: a.area();
void area() b.area();
c.area();
{ }
float a = 3.14 * r * r;
cout<<“Area is:”<<a;
}
circle(int n = 1)
{
r = n;
}
};
 Destructor
• Is a member function, same as constructor.
• name of destructor is same as class name
but preceded by tilde (~) operator.
• Is used to destroy the object of a class.
• Used delete operator when destructor is call.
• doesn’t have return type.
• doesn’t take any argument.
• They are used to release the resources used by
the object.
• Is invoke implicitly.
int count = 0;
class alpha int main()
{ {
public: cout<<“Enter main”;
alpha() alpha a1,a2,a3,a4;
{ {
count++; cout<<“Enter block1”;
cout<<“No. Of object alpha a5;
created”<< count; }
} {
~alpha() cout<<“Enter block2”;
{ alpha a6;
cout<<“No. Of object }
destroyed”<< count; cout<<“Re-enter main”;
count--; return 0;
} }
};
 Constructor Overloading
• Defining multiple constructor in a class.
• Number of arguments or types of argument for
each constructor must be different.
How the compiler decide which constructor to
call while creating an object?
E.g……. circle()
class circle {
{ r = 1;
int r; }
public: };
void area() void main()
{ {
float a = 3.14 * r*r; circle a(5),b(2),c;
cout<<“area is”<<a; a.area();
} b.area();
circle(int n) c.area();
{ }
r=n;
}
E.g……
class student student()
{ {
int roll_no; cout<<“Enter roll no. &
char name[10]; name”;
public: cin>>roll_no>>name;
void showinfo() }
{ };
cout<<“Roll no. void main()
is:”<<roll_no; {
cout<<“Name student a(1234,”john”),
is:”<<name; b(2388,”jill”),c;
} a.showinfo();
student(int m,char n) b.showinfo();
{ c.showinfo();
roll_no = m; }
strcpy(name,n);
}
Copy Constructor
 Copy Constructor
• Used to declare and initialize an object from
another object.
Syntax :
class_name object_2(object_1);
or class_name object_2 = object_1;
E.g……
student s2(s1);
or student s2 = s1;
• The process of initializing through a copy
constructor is known as copy initialization.
• It takes a reference to an object of the same class as
an argument.
E.g…. int main()
class code {
{ code A(100);
int id; code B(A);
public: code C = A;
code() code D;
{ D = A;
} cout<<“id of A:”;
code(int a) A.display();
{ cout<<“id of B:”;
id = a; B.display();
} cout<<“id of C:”;
code(code &x) C.display();
{ cout<<“id of D:”;
id = x.id; D.display();
} }
void display(void)
{
cout<<id;
}
};