Common problem of HIP

Congenital hip dislocation, or dysplasia,

• occurs when an unusually shallow acetabulum causes the femoral
head to slide upward.
• The joint capsule remains intact, though stretched
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, or coxa plana
• a condition in which the femoral head undergoes necrosis.
• It is usually seen in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years.
• During the course of the disease, it may take about 2 to 4 years for
the head to die, revascularize, and then remodel
 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
• seen in children during the growth-spurt years.
• The proximal epiphysis slips from its normal position on the femoral
head.
 angle of inclination
• The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the frontal
plane is referred to as the, which normally is 125 degrees.
• This angle varies from birth to adulthood.
• At birth, the angle may be as great as 170 degrees, but by adulthood
the angledecreases significantly.
• factors such as congenital deformity, trauma, or disease may affect
the angle.
 Coxa valga
• characterized by a neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees.
Because
• this angle is “straighter,” it tends to make the limb longer, thus placing
the hip in an adducted position during weight-bearing.
 Coxa vara
• a deformity in which the neck-shaft angle is less than the normal
• 125 degrees.
• Because it is “more bent,” it tends to make the involved limb shorter,
dropping the pelvis on that side during weight-bearing
 angle of torsion
• The angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur in the
transverse plane
• normally has the head and neck rotated outward from the shaft
approximately 15 to 25 degrees.
• Looking down on the femur.
• you can see the femoral head and neck superimposed on the shaft.
• The shaft is best shown here by a line through the femoral condyles,
which attach to the shaft distally.
• As the shaft rotates, so do the condyles
anteversion
• An increase in Angle of torsion
• forces the hip joint into a more medially rotated position
• This causes a person to walk more “toed in
 retroversion
• A decrease in the angle of torsion
• This forces the hip joint into a more laterally rotated
• position, causing the person to walk more “toed out
 Osteoarthritis
• a degeneration of the articular cartilage of the joint.
• It may result from trauma or wear and tear, and is typically seen later
in life.
• It is commonly treated with a total joint replacement.
 Hip fractures
• tend to be of two types: intertrochanteric and femoral neck.
• These are very common among the elderly,
• usually resulting from falls.
• High-impact trauma such as motor vehicle accidents may cause hip
fractures in younger individuals
 Iliotibial band syndrome
• an overuse injury causing lateral knee pain.
• commonly seen in runners and bicyclists.
• result from repeated friction of the band that slides over the lateral
femoral epicondyle during knee motion.
• caused by such factors as muscle tightness, worn-down shoes, and
• running on uneven surfaces.
• Because many muscles insert at the greater trochanter, there are
many bursae
• providing a friction-reducing cushion between the muscles and bone.
 Trochanteric bursitis
• the result of either acute trauma or overuse.
• can be seen in runner or bicyclists or in someone with a leg-length
discrepancy,
• caused by other factors that put repeated stress on the greater
trochanter
 A hamstring strain/ “pulled hamstring,”
• the most common muscle problem in the body.
• often recurrent.
• result from an overload of the muscle or trying to move the muscle
too fast.
• a common injury among sprinters and in sports that require bursts of
speed or rapid acceleration, such as soccer, track and field, football,
and rugby.
• occur at one of the attachment sites or at any point along the length
of the muscle
 Hip pointer
• a misnomer because it occurs at the pelvis, not the hip.
• a severe bruise caused by direct trauma to the iliac crest of the pelvis.
• most commonly associated with football but can be seen in almost
any contact sport.
• Spearing the hip/pelvis with a helmet while tackling may be the most
common cause.
TERIMA KASIH