1.

Taking Down: Partial demolition of a

structure.
Before demolition works, it is suggested
to remove all saleable items such as
copper, lead, steel fittings, domestic
fittings, windows, doors and frames.
2. Demolition: Complete Removal of a
structure.
1. Photographs existing defects on adjacent
properties.
2 Check the condition of adjoining properties which
may be affected by the demolition such as
existence of easement, way leaves, party rights and
boundary walls.
3. Examination of building structure:
i. Roofs and framed
ii. Walls
iii. Basement
iv. Cantilever
v. Services
4. Notice to Local Authority
The building owner or their agent must notify the Local
Authority at least 6 weeks before demolition works done.
5. Selection of method of Demolition
Selection of the method depends on a few factors such
as:
i. Type of building structure (Structured, load bearing
wall, precast concrete or pre stressed concrete)
ii. Type of construction (In situ, steel structured etc)
iii. Site location (congested area, urban, sub urban,
height of the buildings)
1. Hand Demolition
2. Pusher Arm Demolition
3. Deliberate Collapse Demolition
4. Demolition Ball Techniques
5. Wire Rope Pulling Demolition
6. Demolition by Explosives
7. Gas Expansion Buster
8. Hydraulic Buster
9. Thermal Reaction
 The easiest method which used hand tools such as
hammer, hand saw etc.
 May be needs lifting appliances to hoist released
materials from upper floor to the ground floor.
 Demolition will be done reverse order to the
construction. e.i: start from roof and finish at
ground floor
 Chute or skip should be use to bring down debris
from upper floor.
 Debris should fall freely if horizontal distance to
the walkway or adjoining building is greater than
6.00 meter or half the height of the building.
 Progressive demolition using a machine
fitted with a steel pusher arm
 Should only used when the machine can be
operated from a firm level base with a clear
operating base of at least 6.00 meter.
 The height of the building should be reduced
by hand demolition to make sure the height
of the building is not exceeding 6000mm.
 The pusher arm should not be overloaded
and should be operated from outside of the
building.
 Required an experience operator to operate
the pusher arm
 Operator will work from within a robust cab.
The cab should fit with shatter proof glass
cab windows to prevent from impact of
flying debris.
 If the building is attached to other
buildings, the structure firstly must be
detached from adjoining structure using
hand demolition technique.
 This method involves the removal of key
structural members causing complete
collapse of the whole or part of the building.
 Should obtained an expert engineering
advice before works started.
 This method can only be use on detached
isolated buildings on reasonably level site so
that the safety to personnel can be carefully
controlled
 These method categories under progressive
demolition.
 Carried out by swinging a weight or demolition
ball, suspended from a lifting appliance such as a
crane.
 Three techniques can be used:
i. Vertical drop - Demolition ball from a normal
duty mobile crane will be drop vertically to
the building.
ii. Swinging in line with jib – Demolition ball will
be swing to the left and right used
convertible dragline excavator.
iii.Slewing jib
 Whichever method is used, a skilled
operator is needed.
 Pitched roofs should be removed used hand
demolition technique to wall plate level.
 50 to 70% of the internal flooring should be
removed to allow for free fall of debris
within the building enclosure.
 Demolition should proceed storey by storey.
 The techniques should not be used on
building over 30.00 meter high. Afraid that
the fall of debris is uncontrollable.
 Attached buildings should be separated
from the adjoining structure by hand
demolition at least 6.00 meter or half the
height of building before the work started.
 A clear space is required around the
perimeter of building to give machine
operating space.
 Used steel wire ropes with more than 38mm
diameter.
 The size should be adequate with the
purpose and work load.
 The rope should tied firmly at both ends and
then pulling tension gradually.
 A well anchored winch or heavy vehicle
should be used to apply the pulling force.
 Great care must be taken to ensure that the
winch or vehicle does not lift off its
mounting, wheels or tracks.
 Safety precaution such as make sure no
person should be forward of the winch or
within a distance of three quarters of the
length between the winch and the building
being demolished.
 If after several pulls, the buildings still not
collapse it may have been weakened and
should not therefore be approached.
 Demolished by other method such as
demolition ball or pusher arm.
 This method needed specialist expert in
explosives.
 The explosives are placed within the fabric
of the structure and detonated to cause
partial or complete collapse
 Used a steel cylinder containing a liquefied
gas.
 The cylinder expands with great force when
subjected to an electric charge.
 The expansion of the cylinder causes the
structure to be broken in fragments.
 This method used steel cylinder with a
number of piston.
 The cylinder are forced out radially under
hydraulic pressure.
 This method only can be used to a steel
structure building.
 A structural steel member will be
surrounded by a mixture of a metal oxide
and a reducing agent.
 This covering is ignited, by an electric
current which will produced heat, causing
the steel to become plastic.
 A small force such as wire rope can be used
to cause collapse of the member.