Three paradigms/model

Developed to explain or prescribe the ways in which

relationships should develop between the majority and
minority racial and cultural groups in US/Malaysia? i.e:

1. Americanization or Anglo conformity

2. Melting Pot
3. Cultural Pluralism
 1. Americanization
• Believes that people outside the dominant
cultural group (Anglo-American) should
relinquish their language, their customs, and
any ties to their land of origin in exchange for
English, the cultural patterns of the dominant
group, and ties only to the United States.
• Implementation of policies stemming from
this model has primarily been conducted
through public schools
 2. Melting Pot (Zangwill 1908)
• Ideology underlying this model suggests that:
– A new American is being formed as all European
immigrant groups blend together.

• Limitation:
– Only to people of European ancestry
– Exclude blacks, Hispanics, American Indians,
Middle Easterners, Africans, and Asians
 3. Cultural Pluralism
(Horace Kallen 1924)
A) Describes American society which:
• consist of members from a variety of racial ethnic
groups, many of whom simply did not melt (Glazer &
Moynihan 1963)
• To include all groups previously excluded
 (B) Societal goal:
The definition of cultural pluralism involves:
• Mutual appreciation and understanding of the various
cultures in our society
• Cooperation of the various groups in the civic and
economic institutions of society
• Peaceful co-existence of diverse life-styles, folkways,
manners, language patterns, religious beliefs, and
family structures, and
• Autonomy for each group to work out its own social
future as long as it does not interfere with the same
rights of other groups (DeBlassie, 1983, p. 257)