Magneto Hydro Dynamics

(MHD) Power Generation

Presented by
Vishal s patil,
Guided by Mr.Manish Mahale sir,

G.H.Raisoni
Jalgaon

March 20, 2K19

 Introduction
● Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) or
Magneto Fluid Dynamics is the academic
discipline which studies the dynamics of
electrically conducting fluid interacting
with a magnetic field.
● Magneto Hydro Dynamics is a fluid theory
which was initiated by Hannes Alfven, for
which he has received the noble prize in
physics in 1970.
● The word Magneto Hydro Dynamics is
derived from magneto – meaning magnetic
field, hydro – meaning liquid and dynamics
meaning movement.
 Introduction
● The technological development in the field of
plasma physics and metallurgy and other
branches of science and technology has
made it possible direct conversion of heat
energy (thermal energy) into electrical
energy.
● Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) power
generation is an advanced technology for
generating electrical power by passing high
temperature electrical conducting fluid
through an intense magnetic field.
 MHD Power Generator
● In the MHD Generators, the generation of
electrical power is carried out by using
electrically conducting fluid as an
electrical conductor.
● The MHD power generator converts
thermal energy or kinetic energy of
electrically conducting fluid directly into
electrical energy.
 MHD Power Generator
● The energy
conversion in the
MHD Generators is
based on the principle
of faradays law of
electromagnetic
induction.
● Lorentz Force Law:
F= Q.(V×B)
 MHD Power Generator
● A MHD generator consist of a MHD duct or
channel through which the electrically
conducting fluid flows, a system of
electromagnets used to create the magnetic
field and electrodes for drawing off electrical
power with a load connected to them.
● The electrodes are sectionalized or segmented
by insulator to decrease the circulation of hall
effect current along the channel & through
electrodes.
 Power Output & Efficiency
● Output power is proportional to the
cross sectional area and the flow rate of
the Ionized Plasma.
● Also proportional to the electrical
conductivity of the working fluid.
● The typical efficiency of MHD Generators
are around 10 to 20 percent mainly due
to the heat lost through the high
temperature exhaust of plasma gases.
 Condition for Max. Efficiency
N MHD Combination Typical
o. Efficiency

1. MHD System with Thermal 55% - 60%

power plant
2. MHD System with Gas turbine 50% - 60%
power plant
3. MHD System with both Thermal 65% - 70%
& Gas power plant
 Advantages
● It has no moving parts so more reliable.
● Smaller size
● It can be used as peak load plant.
● There is no use of gas turbine and both the
boiler and turbine and thus in the reduction of
energy losses.
● Higher Efficiency
● Low Environmental Issues.
● As the same gas utilize in the thermal or gas
power plant, it save energy resources.
 Disadvantages

● Capital cost of MHD Plant is higher than

other power plants.
● Most of the problems are related to
material problems caused by high
temperature.
Conclusion
Thank You…
Any Question ?