The document discusses the use of modal verbs to express speculation or deduction in the present tense. It lists modal verbs such as must, can't/couldn't, may/might/could, and should/shouldn't and the levels of certainty they convey when used with other verbs, such as being sure, not being sure, or something being probable if expectations are met.
Original Description:
Modals for Speculation in the present tense. Useful for B1-B2 levels in the CEFR.
The document discusses the use of modal verbs to express speculation or deduction in the present tense. It lists modal verbs such as must, can't/couldn't, may/might/could, and should/shouldn't and the levels of certainty they convey when used with other verbs, such as being sure, not being sure, or something being probable if expectations are met.
The document discusses the use of modal verbs to express speculation or deduction in the present tense. It lists modal verbs such as must, can't/couldn't, may/might/could, and should/shouldn't and the levels of certainty they convey when used with other verbs, such as being sure, not being sure, or something being probable if expectations are met.
SPECULATION / DEDUCTION (PRESENT) USE PRESENT: MODAL + VERB
MUST The light’s on. Ken must be at
Certainty (we are sure it’s true) home.
CAN’T / COULDN’T Jamie can’t /couldn’t be in the
Certainty (we are sure it’s NOT true) library. It’s closed.
MAY / MIGHT / COULD Sally may / might / could be at
Possibility (we are less sure) home. I don’t know for sure.
SHOULD / SHOULDN’T They should be there by now.
Probably true if everything is as It shouldn’t take long to drive there. expected What could this be? Paint brush Where would you find this design? Cantaloupe Here’s an easy one for you. Kiwi You don’t have to think too hard about this one. Orange Things are getting tricky. What could this be? Where would this design be hiding? Dandelion Give this one a try. Sunflower Everything is not what it seems! Spaghetti We wouldn’t mind some of this right now! Chocolate bar What could this be? Cheese Where can you find this? Carrot This one might be a little tricky. Grapefruit Don’t get stuck on this one! Honey Hint: You probably use this every day! Soap bubbles Don’t give up now! Coffee Last one… Lime
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