Struktur anus

Anus
hole of disposal of faeces from the body. Before being
discharged through the anus, feces are collected first
in the rectum. When the stool is ready to be removed,
the rectum spinkter muscle regulates the opening and
closing of the anus. There are 2 muscle spinkers that
make up the rectum, namely smooth muscle and
striated muscle. So, the process of defecation
(defecation) is done consciously, namely by the
contraction of the abdominal wall muscles followed
by the loosening of the anal sphincter muscle and
contraction of the colon and rectum. As a result, stool
can be pushed out of the anus.
 Patofisiology
Hemoroid (interna dan eksterna)
Morfology :
– Hemorrhoids are dilatations of the submucous venous plexus of the anus
and perianus.
– Internal hemorrhoids are superior hemorrhoidal vein varices and the
media appears above the anorectal line and is covered by the rectal mucosa.
– External hemorrhoids are varices that appear below the anorectal line
reflecting the widening of the inferior hemoroidal plexus and covered by the
anal mucosa.
– Both are blood vessels that are dilated, thin-walled, and easily bleed,
sometimes covering bleeding from more serious proximal lesions.
Etiology :
– Hemorrhoids arise from venous congestion caused by a backflow disorder
from the hemoroidal vein.
– Constipation, diarrhea, frequent straining, pelvic congestion in pregnancy,
prostate enlargement, uterine fibroids, and rectal tumors have been proposed
as the etiology of hemorrhoids.
Carcinoma rektum
MorfologY :
– Changes in bowel habits occur, which causes
diarrhea or constipation.
– Real or faint blood in the stool is a sign of
alertness.
– Starting from pre-existing polyps.
Etiology :
– It can be caused by diets high in food
phytochemical ingredients containing nutrients such
as fiber, vitamins C, E, and carotene can improve the
function of the colon and are protective of mutagens
that cause carcinoma.