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MR. FRANK HAS UNCOMPENSATED RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS WITH HYPOXEMIA AS A RESULT OF HIS
PNEUMONIA.
THIS IS DUE TO INADEQUATE VENTILATION AND PERFUSION.
THE TREATMENT GOALS FOR MR. FRANK WOULD BE TO IMPROVE BOTH VENTILATION AND
OXYGENATION.
VENTILATION MAY IMPROVE WITH THE USE OF BRONCHODILATORS AND PULMONARY HYGIENE. IF
NOT, MR. FRANKS MAY REQUIRE CPAP, BIPAP, OR INTUBATION AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION.
OXYGEN THERAPY SHOULD CONSIST OF ONLY THE MINIMAL AMOUNT NECESSARY TO INCREASE HIS
OXYGEN SATURATION TO NORMAL (95%)
CASE STUDY 2 MS. STRAUSS
MS. STRAUSS IS A 24 YEAR OLD COLLEGE STUDENT. SHE WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION?
HAS A HISTORY OF CROHN’S DISEASE AND IS
COMPLAINING OF A FOUR DAY HISTORY OF BLOODY- WHAT INTERVENTIONS WOULD BE
WATERY DIARRHEA. A BLOOD GAS IS OBTAINED TO
APPROPRIATE FOR MS. STRAUSS?
ASSESS HER ACID-BASE BALANCE:
PH 7.28
CO2 43
P02 88
HCO3 20
SAO2 96%
ANSWERS FOR MS. STRAUSS
MR. KARL IS A 80 YEAR OLD NURSING HOME RESIDENT WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION?
ADMITTED WITH UROSEPSIS. OVER THE LAST 2 HOURS
HE HAS DEVELOPED SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND IS WHAT INTERVENTIONS WOULD BE
BECOMING CONFUSED. HIS ABGS SHOWS THE
FOLLOWING RESULTS: APPROPRIATE FOR MR. KARL?
PH 7.02
CO2 55
P02 77
HC03 14
SA02 89%
ANSWERS FOR MR. KARL
MR. KARL HAS METABOLIC AND RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS WITH HYPOXEMIA. THE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IS
CAUSED BY HIS SEPSIS. THE RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS IS SECONDARY TO RESPIRATORY FAILURE.
THE PRESENTATION OF SEPSIS AND ASSOCIATED RESPIRATORY FAILURE IS CONSISTENT WITH ARDS
TREATMENT MUST BE AGGRESSIVE, BECAUSE IS ACIDOSIS IS SEVERE. HIS RESPIRATORY STATUS NEEDS TO BE
STABILIZED, AND WOULD PROBABLY REQUIRE MECHANICAL VENTILATION.
IF HYPOTENSION EXISTS, AGGRESSIVE FLUID AND VASOPRESSOR SUPPORT WOULD BE WARRANTED.
THIS PATIENT IS AT HIGH RISK FOR FURTHER COMPLICATIONS AND SHOULD BE MANAGED IN AN ICU.
BICARBONATE SHOULD NOT BE ADMINISTERED UNTIL THE UNDERLYING SEPSIS AND RESPIRATORY FAILURE IS
TREATED.
CASE STUDY 4 MRS. LAUDER
MS. STEELE HAS AN UNCOMPENSATED METABOLIC ACIDOSIS. THIS IS DUE TO VOMITING THAT
RESULTS IN EXCESSIVE LOSS OF STOMACH ACID.
TREATMENT CONSISTS OF FLUID, ANTIEMETICS, AND MANAGEMENT OF HER ELECTROLYTE
DISORDERS.
CASE STUDY 6 MR. LONGO
MR. CASPER HAS OVERMEDICATED HIMSELF WITH TUMS, EFFECTIVELY ABSORBING TOO MUCH
STOMACH ACID.
HIS ABG SHOWS A PARTIALLY COMPENSATED METABOLIC ALKALOSIS.
TREATMENT CONSISTS OF BETTER CONTROL OF HIS GERD, POSSIBLY WITH H2 BLOCKERS
(PEPCID)OR PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS(PRILOSEC)
CASE STUDY 8 MRS. DOBINS
MRS. DOBINS HAS SEVERE METABOLIC AND RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS WITH HYPOXEMIA. THE
METABOLIC COMPONENT COMES FOR HER DECREASED PERFUSION, AND THE RESPIRATORY
COMPONENT COMES FROM INADEQUATE VENTILATION
TREATMENT WOULD CONSIST OF INTUBATION, MECHANICAL VENTILATION, BLOOD PRESSURE
AND CIRCULATORY SUPPORT.
CASE STUDY 9 MR. SIMMONS
AFTER RESUSCITATION MRS. DOBINS, YOU FIND MR. WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION?
SIMMONS TO BE IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS. HE HAS A
HISTORY OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITES AND IS NOW WHAT INTERVENTIONS WOULD BE
FEBRILE (WOW, WHAT A BAD DAY!). HIS ABGS
SHOWS: APPROPRIATE FOR MR. SIMMONS?
PH 7.00
C02 59
P02 86
HC03 14
SA02 91%
ANSWERS FOR MR. SIMMONS
WOW! MRS. SIMMONS TOO! HE, LIKE MRS. DOBINS, HAS METABOLIC AND RESPIRATORY
ACIDOSIS WITH HYPOXEMIA. HOWEVER, HIS CAUSE IS DIFFERENT. HIS RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS IS
PROBABLY THE RESULT OF PNEUMONIA (ALSO CAUSING THE FEVER).
HIS PNEUMONIA HAS ALTERED HIS GLUCOSE METABOLISM, CAUSING HYPERGLYCEMIA AND
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS.
TREATMENT SHOULD BE THREE-PRONGED: 1) INCREASE HIS OXYGENATION WITH OXYGEN
THERAPY LIKE CPAP, BIPAP, OR MV, 2) TREAT HIS PNEUMONIA WITH ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIPYRETICS,
AND GOOD PULMONARY HYGIENE., AND 3) ADMINISTER INSULIN AND IV FLUIDS TO DECREASE
HIS BLOOD GLUCOSE AND TREAT HIS DKA.
CASE STUDY 10 MS. BERTH
MS. BERTH WAS ADMITTED FOR A DRUG OVERDOSE. WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION?
SHE IS BEING MECHANICALLY VENTILATED AND A
BLOOD GAS IS OBTAINED TO ASSESS HER FOR WHAT INTERVENTIONS WOULD BE
WEANING,. THE RESULTS ARE AS FOLLOWS: APPROPRIATE FOR MS. BERTH?
PH 7.54
C02 19
P02 100
HC03 16
SA02 98%
ANSWER FOR MS. BERTH