AVES

Paleognathae Neognathae
Superorder Paleognathae
Order
Rheiformes

Order Order
Tinamiformes Struthioniformes

Order Order
Apterygiformes Casuariiformes
 Superorder
Paleognathae
• Group of birds that can not fly because of the
wings to reduce
• Is a bird walk
• Sternum without carina sterni, coracoid and
scapula small
• no teeth
• Reducing wing
• Usually can not fly
• Vertebrae caudalis not united
• No penis male animals
 1. Order Rheiformes
1. Body size 1 meter
2. Wing sufficiently
developed
3.Strong legs with
Pamprodacty type
4.No tail
5.Spread can be
found in Germany
Rhea americana
 2. Order Struthioniformes
1. The body size of 2.5 meters
2. short and wide beak with
Anisodactyl type
3. Wing well-developed Although it
can not be used to fly but can help
make a run.
4. Legs very strong
5. Spread in Africa, Erab passage
and Syria, the world's largest bird
with a height 2.5 meters
Struthio camellus (Ostrich)
 3. Order Casuariiformes
1. The body size of 170
cm
2. wing small
3. Strong legs and has
three fingers with
Casuarius bennetti (Kasuari Kerdil)
Pamprodacty type
4. Do not have tail
5. Spread can be found
in Australia

Casuarius casuarius
 4. Order Apterygiformes
1. The body size of 0.5 to 1
meter
2. Wing covered perfectly by
the body so that the wing
feathers does not seem to
exist
3. Short but strong legs, and
have 4 fingers. Do not have
tail with Anisodactyl type
4. spreading to found in New
Zealand Apteryx australis
 5. Order Tinamiformes
1. Body size is relatively
small
2. Wing small round
3. Spreading can be
found in argentina
4. Herbivore.
5. Pamprodacty type
Tinamus osggodi
 1. Anseriformes
2. Galliformes
3. Sphenisciformes
4. Gaviiformes
5. Podicipediformes
6. Phoenicopteriformes
7. Procellariiformes
8. Pelecaniformes
9. Ciconiiformes
10. Falconiformes
11. Gruiformes
Superorder 12. Caradriiformes
13. Cholumbiformes
Neognathae 14. Pisttaciformes
15. Ophistocomiformes
16. Musophagiformes
17. Cuculiformes
18. Strigiformes
19. Caprimulgiformes
20. Apodiformes
21. Coliiformes
22. Trogoniformes
23. Coraciiformes
24. Piciformes
25. passeriformes
 Superorder Neognathae
• Clever birds fly
• Well developed wings forelimb function as
wings
• Sternum with carina, without teeth
• Mostly well-developed wings
 1. Order Anseriformes
Common name: swans, geese, ducks
Characteristics:
1. Size varies from 13 cm to more than 40 cm
2. Cottony bird
3. Wide beaks covered with many sensory organs
4. Short wings
5. Short legs, with anisodactyl type
About 162 species, worldwide distribution

Anser sp. Cygnus sp. Aythya vasilineria

 2. Order Galliformes
Common name: quail, grouse, pheasants, ptarmigan, turkeys,
domestic fowl
Characteristics:
1. Size varies from 13 cm to more than 1 m
2. Wings are relatively short, can fly for short distances usually only
to avoid enemies, with anisodactyl type
3. Plumage varies, but the fur contour has a prominent aftershaft.
4. Strong legs, 3 front fingers have claws, back fingers are rather
small and sticking upwards, sometimes there are special fingers
(spurs) in males
About 290 species, worldwide distribution.

Pavo cristato. Gallus gallus domesticus

 3. Order Sphenisciformes
• Body size 40 cm - 1 meter
• Wing modification becomes paddle
• Short and strong legs with
Anisodactyl type
• Short tail
• all penguin species originally came
from the southern hemisphere, but
penguins are not only found in cold
regions or in the Antarctic. There
are three species of penguin that
live in the tropical area

Spheniscus demersus
 4. Order Gaviiformes
• long and pointed wing,
strong to fly
• The fingers are webbed
swimming, patella (shell
lulut) small
• The tail is made up of
18-20 sheets of stiff
bristles
• Spreading can be found
at parts of North
America and Europe
• Anisodactyl type Loons or Divers
 5. Order Podicipediformes
• The body size 23-71
cm
• Living in freshwater
• Short Tail
• Anisodactyl type
• Spreading can be
found at North
America and Europe Tachybaptus ruficollis
 6. Order Phoenicopteriformes
• The body size 40-100
cm
• Long neck
• Can Stand with one
leg example flamingo Phoenicoperus ruber
• Pamprodacty type
• Spreading can be
found in the Africa,
Europe and America

Flamingo jamesi
 7. Order Procellariiformes
• The body size is
relatively small
• Wing Long and
narrow.
• Pamprodacty type
• Toes reduce
• Spreading can be
found in the Antarctic
Ocean and northern Daption capense
Pacific
 8. Order Pelecaniformes
Common name: pelicans, cormorants, gannets, boobies,
and others
Characteristics:
1. Long and pointed wings, strong for flying
2. Plumage varies, but the three families are generally
dominated by the other black with the same color as
the black one.
Pelecanus occidentalis
3. The large size is very large but each family has a
different beak shape.
4. Short legs and a little backward. four fingers are
joined by a membrane, Hallux is also united by a
finger membrane that is not found in other actuatic
birds, with anisodactyl type

About 65 species, worldwide distribution, especially in

the tropics
 9. Order Ciconiiformes
Common name: herons, bitterns, storks,
ibises, spoonbills, vultures.
Characteristics:
1. Long wings
2. Plumage varies, sometime head
plumage is absent Casmerodius albus

3. Crooked beak in the middle

4. These are long-necked, long-legged
with anisodactyl type , mostly colonial
waders and vultures.
About 116 spesies, worldwide
distributions
 10. Order Falconiformes
Common name: eagles,hawks,falcons,condors,
buzzards
Characteristics:
1. Plumage varies, but usually a mixture of
gray and brown at the top, and almost
white at the bottom Short beak, strong and Accipiter cooperii
curved edges.
2. The legs are strong, medium to long, and
each has 4 fingers with strong and curved
claws to grip the prey. with anisodactyl type
3. About 304 species, worldwide distribution
4. Wings vary in shape, but are usually strong
and generally fly fast. Some species can fly
and spin.
 11. Order Gruiformes
Common name: cranes, rails, coots, gallinules.
Characteristics:
1. The wings are rather weak, some even can't fly, even
though some can migrate long distances (cranes)
2. Its members are typical land birds whose size ranges
from very small (11 cm button quail) to very large (1.5 m
crane).
Grus canadensis
3. The fur is very diverse, but typical cryptics and loose
tissue on several parts.
4. The beak is diverse but slender distinctively and sharply.
5. His legs are always strong. With anysodactyli type
About 212 species, worldwide distribution.
 12. Order Charadriiformes
Common name: gulls,oyster catchers, plovers,
sandpipers, terns, woodcocks, turnstons,
lapwings, snipe, avocets, phalaropes, skuas,
skimmers, auks, puffins.
Characteristics:
1. Long and strong wings Oxyechus vociferous
2. Membranous toes
3. Solid filoplum fur
4. Long legs, With anysodactyli type

About 367 spesies, worlwide distributions

 13. Order Columbiformes
(L. columba, dove, + form)
1. sizes range from small to large
(15-84 cm)
2. tight and soft plumage: brightly
colored, even metallic
3. have short necks, Columba livia
4. short bill but slender and strong
have cere
5. short legs but strong, have 3
toes extending forward and one
backward (Anisodactyle) or not
(tridactyle), with claw
6. Long and pointed wings, can fly
fast but cause sound.
7. About 308 species, worldwide
distribution
 14. Order Psittaciformes
(L. psittacus,parrot, + form)

1. sizes range from small to

large (10-100cm)
2. Plumage is not too tight and
shiny, usually brightly
colored.
3. Thick, and strong beak, with
hinged and movable upper
beak, fleshy tongue.
4. Short legs, zygodactylous Ara macao
with strong claws to hold
food and climb.
5. Rounded wings, can fly fast
with curved wings
6. About 364 species,
pantropical distribution
 15. Order Ophistocomiformes
Common name: hoatzin
Characteristics:
1. Size from small to large (50-65 cm)
2. has large claws that it uses to climb trees
3. the head is small and covered in pointed
rufous
4. Wings spread wide
5. Have a short beak
Distribution in South America
Opistochomus hoazin
 16. Order Musophagiformes
Common name: turaco
Characteristics:
1. Medium to large birds of dense forest or forest
edge with a conspicuous patch of crimson on the
spread wing.
2. Bill brightly colored,
3. Wings short and rounded
4. Have a short beak
About 23 species in Africa

Tauraco persa
 17. Order Cuculiformes
(L. cuculus, ccuckoo, + form)

1. sizes from small to large (15-70

cm),
2. Plumage not too tight, shiny in
certain parts
3. The beak is rather large, curved,
usually brightly color
4. Short legs, strong, zygodactylous or
semizygodactylous.
5. Medium to long or short round
wings
6. usually long tail.
7. The cuculinae are brood parasites,
relying on other species to raise Common cuckoo
their young
8. About 138 species, worldwide
distribution
 18. Order Strigiformes
(L. strix, screech owl, + form)
1. body size varies from small
to very large.
2. Nocturnal predators
3. Round head
4. with large eyes and facing
forward
5. Short and powerful beaks,
the tip is curved, have cere Tyto alba
6. Short and powerful feet,
semizygodactyllous
7. Wide wings and rounded
and silent flight
8. About 180 species,
worldwide distribution.
 19. Order Caprimulgiformes
(L. caprimulgus, goatsucker, + form)

1. Small to medium size (19-

63 cm)
2. Night and twilight feeders
3. Plumage soft and shiny
4. wide mouths fringed with
bristles
5. The legs are short and
weak
Caprimulgus cubanensis
6. Long and pointed wings
7. About 118 species,
worldwide distribution
 20. Order Apodiformes
(Gr. apous, footless, + form)

1. Small bird (6-23 cm)

2. Plumage brightly colored
or not
3. Beak is very different, short
width or slim length
4. Bird with short legs,
syndactyle Leptocoma sperata

5. Long and narrow wings;

rapid wingbeat
6. About 429 species,
worldwide distribution
Chaetura pelagia
 21. Order Coliiformes
(Gr. kolios, green woodpecker, + form)
1. Small size and long tail 30-36
cm.
2. Loose plumage and soft,
brown, with lines colored on
some spsies.
3. Small crested birds
4. The beak is short, thick and
curved with cere
5. Short legs and strong,
Syndactyle and have claw
6. Wings is short and round : fly
fast and straight, but not too
long.
7. Six species restricted to
southern Africa
Colius striatus
 22. Order Trogoniformes
(Gr. trogon, gnawing, + form)

1. Small to medium size

2. Soft and tight plumage, Richly
colored.
3. Beak is short, wide and often
serrated
4. The legs are short and weak,
semizygodactylous.
5. Rounded wings;
6. long-tailed birds
7. About 39 species, pantropical
distribution.
Harpactes fasciatus
 23. Order Coraciiformes
(N.L. coracii from Gr. korakias, a kind of raven, + form)

1. the size from very small to

large (10-160 cm).
2. Plumage brightly colored
although some of them are
black and white.
3. Birds with strong and
prominent bills, different in Alcedo atthis
shape and size in each sub-
order.
4. The legs are generally short
and weak, syndactylous.
5. About 209 species,
worldwide distribution
 24. Order Piciformes
(L. picus, woodpecker,+ form)
1. the size from very small to
large (10-60 cm).
2. Plumage generally brightly
colored
3. Strong bills but different in Indicator indicator
shape and size
4. The legs are generally short
but strong and
zygodactylous
5. Rounded swing
6. About 398 species,
worldwide distribution
Dryocopus pileatus
 25. Order Passeriformes
Common name: perching songbirds
Characteristics:
1. Most have a highly developed syrinx.
2. Have a long and pointed beak
3. Have a short wings
4. The young are altricial.
5. To this order belong many birds with beautiful Opsthocomus hoazin
songs
6. Typ of legs is zygodactyle
About 5750 species, worldwide distribution