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HO 2G 3g Radio Parameter Ericsson
HO 2G 3g Radio Parameter Ericsson
Radio Parameter
TELKOMSEL
qQualMin : indicates the minimum required quality value in the cell. It is sent in
system information, in SIB3 for the serving cell, and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
qRxLevMin : indicates the minimum required signal strength in the cell. It is sent
in SIB3 for the serving cell and in SIB11 for adjacent cells
maxTxPowerUl : indicates the maximum allowed transmission power when the
UE accesses the system on RACH. It is broadcast in SIB3
Cell Selection 3G part
Qqualmeas (dB)
(CPICH Ec/N0) Squal >0 AND
Squal > 0 Srxlev > 0
qQualMin
(–18)
Pcompensation
suitabl
e Pcompensation = max(maxTxPowerUl – P, 0) (dB)
Srxlev > 0
cell?
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - qRxLevMin – Pcompensation
Cell Reselection 3G part
First according to S criteria
Squal > 0 (only WCDMA cells)
Srxlev > 0
But the values of GSM RSSI and WCDMA CPICH RSCP are not of the same
nature and therefore not directly comparable.
The decision about when intrafrequency measurements are performed is made using the
sIntraSearch parameter in relation to Squal:
• If the Squal > sIntraSearch, the UE does not need to perform intrafrequency measurements.
• If the Squal <= sIntraSearch value, the UE performs intrafrequency measurements.
• If the sIntraSearch = 0 , is not sent to the serving cell, the UE performs intrafrequency measurements.
The decision about when GSM measurements are performed is made using the sRatSearch
parameter in relation to Squal and the sHcsRat parameter in relation to Srxlev:
• If the Squal > sRatSearch and the Srxlev > sHcsRat, the UE does not need to perform measurements on
GSM cells.
• If the Squal <= sRatSearch value and/or the Srxlev <= sHcsRat value, the UE performs measurements on
GSM cells.
RSCP
qHyst1 = 4 dB
GSM cell measurements First ranking of all the cells based on
CPICH RSCP (WCDMA) and RSSI (GSM) qOffset1sn = 0 dB
available If : qQualMin = -18 dB
CPICH Ec/No – qQualMin < SRatSearch Rs = CPICH RSCP/GSM RSSI + Qhyst1
RSSI
sRATsearch = 4 dB
Rn= CPICH_RSCP(n) or RXLEV(n) - Qoffset1
Rs = Serving WCDMA cell qOffset1sn = 7 dB
calculation, with qRxlevMin = -107 dBm
hysteresis parameter
Qhyst2 = 4 dB
qOffset2sn = 0 dB
Cell re-selection
to GSM
Second ranking only for WCDMA cells based on
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, then the UE must CPICH Ec/No
perform cell re-selection to that TDD or GSM cell.
Rs = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
If a FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and Rn= CPICH Ec/No -Qoffset2
cell_selection_and_reselection-quality_measure is set to CPICH
RSCP, the UE shall perform cell re-selection to that FDD cell.
There are 4 different scenarios to choose from. Parameters QSI and QSC are set per GSM cell and define
both the scenario and the necessary threshold, at the same time:
• UTRAN neighboring cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is above
the threshold set by QSI and QSC
• UTRAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the GSM serving cell is below the
threshold set by QSI and QSC .
• UTRAN neighbor cells are always measured.
• UTRAN neighbor cells are never measured. This can be used to turn off the cell reselection/handover to
UMTS, per cell, even if COEXUMTS is ON for the BSC.
Value 0 1 … 6 7 8 9 10 … 14 15
dBm -98 -94 … -74 Always -78 -74 -70 … -54 Never
If RLA_C < -94 UE starts UE always measures 3G If RLA_C > -70 UE starts UE never measures 3G
3G measurements cells 3G measurements cells
Cell Reselection 2G part
Example 1: If an UTRAN cell should serve purely to extend the coverage for Multi-
RAT MSs in GSM, it is logical to set QSI /QSC values from 0-6, since it's only
needed to make cell reselection and handovers to UMTS when the GSM coverage
falls low.
Cell Reselection 2G part
Example 2: If an UTRAN cell is co-sited with a GSM cell, there is a certain
correlation between signal strengths of the two systems. If the GSM is for example
using 900MHz band it is very probable that the GSM signal strength will always be
higher than the UTRAN signal, for a number of dBs. Therefore, there is no point in
measuring UTRAN cells in low GSM signal conditions and values 8-14 can be
selected accordingly.
Cell Reselection 2G part
Criteria :
CPICH Ec/No > FDDQMIN (-13dB) and
CPICH RSCP > RLA(s+n) + FDDQOFF (-infinite)
FDDQMIN
Value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
FDDQOFF
Value 0 1 2 3 … 8 … 14 15
FDDQOFF = -32 dB
Compare levels UE can select WCDMA cell if the level of the
of all GSM cells serving GSM and non-serving GSM cells has been
The BCCH frequency is unique for all GSM bands except the two GSM
bands DCS1800 and PCS1900, so the band indicator is needed to
discriminate between the two. When the ExternalGsmCell has a BCCH
frequency indicating some other frequency band, then the band
indicator is not needed and may be set to "Not applicable".
bcchFrequency BCCH frequency code in the GSM cell. Contains the absolute radio
frequency channel number of the BCCH channel for the GSM cell. It
uniquely identifies the BCCH.
cellReserved Indicates if this cell shall be reserved for operator use. If it is reserved,
there will be no service to the UEs.
fachMeasOccaCycLenCoeff
Fach Measurement Occasion Cycle Length coefficient. A factor used
when the UE performs inter-frequency and inter-system
measurements. The UE uses this parameter to calculate the interval
length in order to determine the repeating cycle of the measurement.
FALSE = No
TRUE = Yes
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
maxTxPowerUl
The maximum UE transmission power on the RACH when accessing
the system. Used in UE functions for cell selection/reselection in idle
mode and connected mode. Also used by UTRAN to control the
maximum TX power level an UE may use.
mnc The MNC part of the PLMN identity used in the radio network.
Resolution: 2
qHyst2 The hysteresis value of the serving cell. Used to perform cell ranking
for the serving cell.
Resolution: 2
qOffset1sn Signal stength offset between source and target cells. Used when the
IE "cell_selection_and_reselection_quality_measure" in SIB 11/12 is
set to "CPICH RSCP". This is configured through
UtranCell::qualMeasQuantity.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-50 : -50dB
-49 : -49dB
-48 : -48dB
......
50 : 50dB
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 1
-24 : -24dB
......
0 : 0dB
100 : Indicates that the minimum quality level has not been specified by
the operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.
Unit: 1 dBm
Resolution: 2
-115 : -115dBm
-113 : -113dBm
-111 : -111dBm
-109 : -109dBm
.....
-25 : -25 dBm
100 : Indicates that the minimum Rx level has not been specified by the
operator. The parameter is then not
present in SIB11 for this neighbour. The UE will use the serving cell
value (UtranCell MO value) instead.
Unit: 1 dB
Resolution: 2
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
sInterSearch The decision on when measurements on inter frequencies shall be
performed.
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB
Unit: 2 dB
Resolution: 1
0 : not sent
1 : -32 dB
2 : -30 dB
...
27 : 20 dB
sRatSearch
The decision on when measurements on GSM frequencies shall be
performed is made using this parameter in relation with Squal.
If S_qual > this parameter, UE need not perform measurements on
GSM cells.
If S_qual <= this paramter, UE shall perform measurment on GSM
cells.
Unit: 1dB
Resolution: 2
-32 : -32dB
-30 : -30dB
......
Idle Mode Parameter Summary
treSelection Control of cell selection/reselection. Time-to-trigger for cell reselection
in seconds.
Note: the values 0000 and FFFE are reserved for special cases where
no valid LAI exists in the MS.
UE States
Idle mode
No connection to radio network (No RRC connection established)
This minimizes resource utilization in UE and the network
CELL_FACH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses the common transport channels RACH or FACH
If the parameter interFreqFDDMeasIndicator = 1, the UE will evaluate cell
reselection criteria on inter-frequency cells (0)
CELL_DCH mode
User Equipment (UE) in Connected Mode (has an RRC Connection to
radio network)
UE uses dedicated channels for transmitting data and signalling
Power Control
Pilot Channel Power
primary CPICH power should be 8 to 10% (~ 1 Watt) of
the nominal RBS power at the reference point (~10W,
while MCPA is 20W)
The pilot power is designed to be equal in all cells at the
Reference Point.
primaryCpichPower = 30 dBm
P-CPICH
TopOfRack = primaryCpichPower + dlAttenuation
System will adjust the TopOfRack to meet the required
value.
Consistency check on MaximumTransmissionPowerDL
(Calculated vs. setting value)
dl/ulAttenuation
The feeder loss parameters ulAttenuation &
dlAttenuation and electrical delay parameters dl/ElectDelay
ulElectricalDelay & dlElectricalDelay must be entered
properly in the system (actual VSWR).
More CPICH – less capacity trade off
TopOfRack
MaxTxPowerDL
Common Control Channel Power
With increasing CPICH power – capacity directly decreasis, but common channels and
power per each dedicated channel is calculated from CPICH
At CPICH 30 dBm, the common channel will be configured as follow:
Parameter Name MO Type Value Cumm(dBm) Peak Power(W) Typical AF Avg Power(W)
primaryCpichPower UtranCell 30 1 1 1
pchPower Pch -0.4 29.6 0.91 0.20 0.18
primarySchPower UtranCell -1.8 28.2 0.66 0.10 0.07
secondarySchPower UtranCell -3.5 26.5 0.45 0.10 0.04
maxFach1Power Fach 1.8 31.8 1.51 0.10 0.15
maxFach2Power Fach 1.5 31.5 1.41 0.30 0.42
bchPower UtranCell -3.1 26.9 0.49 0.90 0.44
aichPower Rach -6 24 0.25 0.10 0.03
pichPower Pch -7 23 0.20 1.00 0.20
The initial power on the PRACH - the power of the first preamble - is determined according to equation
To reach an appropriate received power level at the RBS, the UE uses preamble ramping. This
procedure consists of the following steps:
• The UE transmits a preamble.
• As soon as the RBS properly detects the preamble, it sends an Acknowledgement Indicator
(AI) on the AICH.
• While not receiving any AI, the UE transmits a new preamble, increasing the transmission
power with respect to the previous one by the configurable parameter powerOffsetP0.(3dB)
• As soon as the UE receives an AI, it sends the PRACH message part. The power of the
control part of the random access message is determined by the power of the last
transmitted preamble and by a configurable offset powerOffsetPpm.(- 4dB) The power of
the data part of the PRACH message is determined by the gain factors for PRACH, which is
included in System Information.
Common Channel on Uplink
POWER RAMP ON RACH
L1 ACK / AICH
Downlink Not detected
BS
MaxTXPowerUl
powerOffsetP0
Initial powerOffsetPpm
preamble
power
…… ……
Uplink
MS Preamble
1
Preamble
2
Preamble Message part
preambleRetransMax
# PRACH preambles transmitted during one PRACH
cycle without receiving AICH response
maxPreambleCycle
# preamble power ramping cycles that can be done
before RACH transmission failure is reported
Handover
Soft/Softer Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover
Inter-RAT Handover
Inter-RAT Cell Change
HSDPA Mobility
Intra-Frequency Handover
SOFTER HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (handled by same BTS)
No extra transmissions across Iub interface
Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
Both UL and DL: Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) is occurring in rake receiver
SOFT HANDOVER
MS simultaneously connected to multiple cells (from different BTSs)
Extra transmission across Iub, more channel cards are needed
Mobile Evaluated HandOver (MEHO)
DL/UE: MRC
UL/RNC: Frame selection combining
HARD HANDOVER
Arises when inter-RNC SHO is not possible (Iur not supported or Iur congestion)
Decision procedure is the same as SHO (MEHO)
Causes temporary disconnection
Inter-Frequency Handover
Can be intra-BS, intra-RNC, inter-RNC
Network Evaluated HandOver (NEHO)
Inter-RAT (Inter-system) Handover
Handovers between GSM and WCDMA (NEHO)
Entities Involved in Reporting, Evaluation, and Execution of Handover-Related Functions.
Thus, the UE is configured to evaluate and send measurement reports to the system only when certain
events occur, that is, when a monitored cell is measured and the measurement result for a monitored cell
fulfills certain criteria. When the conditions for triggering a certain handover are fulfilled, the handover
evaluation part triggers the corresponding handover execution part.
3GPP-defined UE Associated Cell sets for Measurement
Active Set
•The cells involved in soft handover and measured by the UE
Monitored Set
•The cells only measured by the UE and not part of the Active Set. The monitored set can
consist of intra-frequency, Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT cells
Detected Set
•The intra frequency cells(P-CPICH scrambling codes) detected by the UE but not part of
Active Set or monitored set
Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1a, A primary CPICH enters the Reporting Range
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) -
reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a /2
When a P-CPICH, not included in the Active Set, enters reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2, and the
measured value remains in reportingRange1a + hysteresis1a/2 at least a time equal to timeToTrigger1a
(Time to Trigger 1a), event 1a occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 1a to
the SRNC. If the report contains more than one cell fulfilling 1a criteria, only the one with highest Ec/No is
considered and retained. If the retained cell is a valid cell and Active Set is not full (present cells in the
Active Set is less than maxActiveSet parameter), the cell is proposed to be added to the Active Set. If
the Active Set is full, the cell is proposed as a replacement of the worst cell in the Active Set provided that the
reported cell has a better quality than the worst cell in the Active Set.
10dB
6dB
320 ms 640 ms
Cell (P_CPICH2) Would Cell (P_CPICH2) Would
be proposed to be be proposed to be
included in Active Set excluded from Active
List Set List
Soft/Softer Handover
Event 1c, A non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an Active Primary
CPICH
(measured P-CPICH Ec/No) > (P-CPICH Ec/No of the Best Cell in the Active Set) +
hysteresis1a /2
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dEcno - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dEcno, OR the
estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the absolute threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp - hysteresis2d/2, during a time at least equal to timeToTrigger2dRscp, event 2d
occurs.
Event 2f, The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a
certain threshold
When the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the relative threshold
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno+usedFreqThresh2dEcno + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at least equal to
timeToTrigger2fEcno, AND the estimated quality of the current WCDMA RAN used frequency is above the
relative threshold usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp+usedFreqThresh2dRscp + hysteresis2f/2, during a time at
least equal to timeToTrigger2fRscp event 2f occurs. The UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message
for event 2f to the SRNC. When SRNC receives the MEASUREMENT REPORT message for event 2f from
the UE, measurements for IRATHO_eval event 3a or IFHO_eval event 2b and associated compressed mode
usage is stopped.
Inter-RAT Handover
Compressed Mode and de-Compressed Mode UE stop compressed
mode
1 + (-12 dB)
-12 dB
640 ms 2560 ms
UE start compressed
mode to measure GSM
or Interfreq Neighbors
Inter-RAT Handover
Event 3a, The Estimated Quality of the Currently Used UTRAN Frequency is
below a Certain Threshold and the Estimated Quality of the Other System is
above a Certain Threshold
• when the estimated quality of the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the measured GSM carrier RSSI of
a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a, during a time at least equal to
TimeToTrigger3a
• in case of the connection quality has been triggered in UL for UE TX power (event 6a, see Event 6a, The UE
Tx Power becomes larger than an Absolute Threshold), the event 3a is triggered when the estimated quality of
the WCDMA RAN used frequency is below the threshold
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+utranRelThresh3aRscp+utranRelThreshRscp - hysteresis3a/2 and the
measured GSM carrier RSSI of a GSM/GPRS cell is above the absolute threshold gsmThresh3a , during a
time at least equal to TimeToTrigger3a.
Inter-RAT Handover
RSSI -95dB
320 ms
IFHO & IRAT Parameter Summary
WCDMA to GPRS (PS)
Gi
GGSN External
Networks
Gn Gn
3G-SGSN 2G-SGSN
Iu Gb
SRNC BSC
Iub Abis
2. Evaluation of MR
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is above the threshold set by QSI and QSC.
WCDMA RAN neighbor cells are measured only when the signal strength of the
GSM serving cell is below the threshold set by QSI and QSC.
F1
”RRC Connection Reject” CCCH/FACH Includes ‘Frequency
Info’ IE
Cell selection
on designated
UTRA carrier
”RRC Connection Request” CCCH/RACH 2nd will not be
redirected but may
F2 be successful or
”RRC Connection Setup” CCCH/FACH rejected due to
congestion
Directed retry to GSM
Applicable for voice in P3
GSM
Admission
Control
WCDMA
Directed retry to GSM
Directed retry to GSM
At call set-up - RAB Establishment for voice
Triggered by Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power
One GSM target can be defined for each WCDMA cell via the cell
parameter directedRetryTarget
Relocation Command
HO from UTRAN command
Successful
access to GSM
Iu release Command
Iu release Complete
Voice calls can be relocated to GSM due to high load in WCDMA
If the call is not accepted in GSM - try in WCDMA again!
Load balancing for voice between
Features
Introduction
& Roadmap
WCDMA-GSM
When out of coverage, the When GSM load reaches a
WCDMA voice call is handed customizable threshold, voice calls can
over to GSM be handed over to WCDMA
WCDMA coverage
Dual Mode UE
GSM terminal
GSM coverage
Load based handover to GSM
during call set up, Directed Retry
(P3) to GSM
Channel Switching
Channel Switching
Future releases
stand-alone interactive RAB
speech + interactive
RAB
HS
speech
384/HS + 384/HS
DCH 64/384
speech
+ 64/HS
128/128
64/HS
speech
+ 64/64
64/128
speech
+ 0/0
64/64
Low/No throughput
Measurement for down
Switch timer period UL throughput-
PS RAB Establishment
FACH based upswitch
activity/inactivity-based coverage-triggered
switching UL and/or DL downswitch (DL only)
IDLE DL throughput- choice based on UE-
Low/No RLC buffer load for
Inactivity timer period based upswitch and cell-capability
Capacity Management
Admission control workflow
Resource request Is admission blocked
* Current by Congestion Control? Yes, then block
8* 16*
32*
Iu Iu
SRNC &
DRNC
SRNC
Iur
CQIERRORSABSENT 10 10
HSPOWERMARGIN 2 2
MAXHSRATE 15 30
HSONLYBESTCELL 1 1
HSHYSTERESIS1D 10 10
The HSDPA Iub flow control algorithm adjusts the available bit rate over Iub based mainly on the
maximum possible air interface bitrate received from the scheduler, the number of users in a cell
and Iub congestion indications. The RBS uses the parameter maxHsRate to determine the
maximum bit rate to be used for HS-DSCH data frame traffic in one aggregated bit pipe over Iub.
The parameter maxHsRate should be configured for each RBS to represent the maximum MAC-d
PDU bitrate of HS-DSCH data frames, which is available for the AAL2 path or paths carrying
HSDPA traffic to the RBS in question. The parameter may be set to a MAC-d PDU bit rate of 1.5
Mbps (the default value), when one dedicated physical E1 link is used for HSDPA traffic. This
maximum bitrate level is the same as the bitrate expressed by the CAPACITY ALLOCATION
control frames.
As an example, the default value of this parameter has been obtained by multiplying the HSDPA
available ATM bandwidth (excluding IMA overhead), e.g. 1.92 Mbps, with a factor of 0.79. This
factor is dependent on the average number of MAC-d PDUs per HS-DSCH data frame. In this
case, it is based on having 10 MAC-d PDUs (336 bits) per HS-DSCH data frame in average. It
should be noted that assuming a lower number of PDUs per data frame gives a lower factor and
vice versa.
The parameter value of maxHsRate also depends on how the transport network is configured, e.g.
if ATM VC Cross Connect is used or if AAL2 switching is used. It depends on how the ATM VCs
etc are configured, e.g. for HS traffic only, sharing with AAL2 class A and B, several AAL2 paths
for HS etc. Therefore it is recommended to follow the guidelines given by Ericsson regarding
transport network dimensioning before setting a value for this parameter.
16QAM Modulation
The RBS hardware supports both QPSK and 16QAM modulation. However, support of 16QAM is
an optional feature which can be configured on cell level using the parameter supportOf16qam.
The available modulation type impacts the maximum achievable bit rate in the cell,
Maximum Achievable User Bit Rate at the RLC Level As a Function of the UE HS-DSCH Category and Modulation Type