Chapter 7: Trigonometric

Identities and Equations

Jami Wang
Period 3
Extra Credit PPT
Pythagorean Identities
sin2 X + cos2 X = 1
tan2 X + 1 = sec2 X
1 + cot2 X = csc2 X

These identities can be used to help

find values of trigonometric functions.
Pythagorean Identities cont.
Example:
1. If csc X = 4/3, find tan X
csc2 X= 1 + cot2 X Pythagorean identity
(4/3) 2 = 1 + cot2 Use 4/3 for csc X\
16/9 = 1 + cot2 X
7/9 = cot2 X
±√7 / 3 = cot X
Find tan X
tan X= 1/ cot X
= ± (3 √7)/7
Verifying Trigonometric
Identities
1. Change to sin X / cos X
2. LCD
3. Factor (and Cancel)
4. Look Trig identities
5. Multiply by conjugate
Verifying Trigonometric Identities cont.
Example:
Verify that sec2 X – tan X cot X = tan 2 X is an identity
 sec2 X – tan X * 1/tan X= tan 2 X cot X = 1/tan X
sec2 X – 1 = tan 2 X Multiply
tan 2 X + 1 -1 = tan 2 X tan2 X + 1 = sec2 X
tan 2 X = tan 2 X Simplify
Sum and Difference Identities
sin ( α + β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
sin ( α − β) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β
cos ( α + β) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β
cos ( α − β) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β
tαn(α+β) = (tαnα + tαnβ)/(1 - tαnαtαnβ)
tαn(α-β) = (tαnα - tαnβ)/(1 + tαnαtαnβ)
 Sum and Difference Identities cont.
Tan 285⁰ = tan (240 ⁰ + 45 ⁰) 240 ⁰ and 45 ⁰are common
angles whose sum is 285⁰

= tan240 ⁰ + tan Sum Identity for Tangent

45 ⁰
1-tan240 ⁰ tan45 ⁰
Multiply by conjugate to
= √3+1 simplify
1-(√3)(1)
= -2-√3
Double Angle Formulas
sin2X= 2sinXcosX
cos2X=cos²X-sin²X
cos2X=2cos²X-1
cos2X=1-2sin²X
tan2X=2tanX
1-tan²X
Double Angle Formulas cont.
Example:
cos2X = cos²X-sin²X
= (√5/3)²-(2/3) ²
= 1/9
Half Angle Formulas
sin α /2 = ±√1-cos α/ 2
cos α/2 = ±√1+cos α/ 2
tan α/2 = ±√1-cos α/ 1+ cos α,
cos α≠-1
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Example:
sin X cos X – ½ cosX = 0
cos X (sinX- ½)=0 Factor
cos X = 0 or sinX- ½ =0
X= 90⁰ sinX= ½
X= 30⁰

Values are 30⁰ and 90⁰