Internet of Things and

home automation
UNIT 4
 Home automation or domotics is building automation for a home, called a smart homeor smart house.

A home automation system will

It may also include home security such
control lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and appliances.
as access control and alarm systems.[2]

A home automation system typically connects controlled devices to a central hub or "gateway".[3]

The user interface for control of the system uses either wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, a
mobile phone application, or a Web interface, that may also be accessible off-site through the Internet.
 Reduce energy consumption

Smart control system

Advantages Mobile phone monitoring and controlled system

24/7 availability

Improved comfort
 Other
Advantages
 What are the “Things” in the IoT?
• Virtual
• Could be anything • Living things
• Personal
• Physical • People
• Presence
schedule/calendar
• Virtual • Location
• Social
• Email
• Health metrics
• Twitter/FB
• Physical • Weight
• Activity
• Online
• Objects such as tracking
notification
• Climate control platforms
• Temperature
• WWW resources
• Security/Disaster alarm system • Blood Glycose
• Weather
• Energy/Resource metering (Electricity, monitors
forecasting
Gas, Water) • Fitbit
• Water boiler, Solar boiler • Stocks
• Pets
• Traffic
• Car (OBDII, vehiclepi)
• DB Storage
• The Sun (sunrise/set times, azimuth) • Visualization
dashboards
Components
Used
 Why IoT?

• Generate, collect, process and use acquired information to make better

decisions
• Smart objects: Make things that weren’t meant to talk to each other
interact smartly
• Gartner says the Internet of Things installed base will grow to 26 Billion
units by 2020; I want to be well aligned and prepared for that
 Generate, collect, process and use acquired
information to make decisions
• DIKW model
• Information is inferred from data, in
the process of answering interrogative
questions (e.g., "who", "what",
"where", "how many", "when"),
thereby making the data useful for
"decisions and/or action".
• Knowledge as "synthesis of
multiple sources of information
over time"
 Smart objects: Make things that weren’t
meant to talk to each other interact smartly
• Phone  Location detection, presence detection  Thermostat
• Doorbell activation  CCTV takes picture Email + SMS + Tweet
• Fire Alarm  Email + SMS
• Security System CCTV  Email + SMS
• Climate control  presence @ home & weather forecast
• Hot water tank 1   Hot water tank 2   our presence, weather forecast
• Dog CCTV + Email
• Weather notifications  email
 Challenges

• Global cooperation
• Proprietary and incompatible protocols
• Lack of APIs
• Example: Common external power supply
• Technological challenges
• Power usage
• Scalability
• Security
• Communication mechanisms
• Ethics, control society, surveillance, consent and data driven life
Questions?
Internet of Things and
Infrastructures
UNIT 4
• Smart urban infrastructure in smart cities includes
• advanced connected streets,
• smart parking,
• smart lighting, and
• other transportation innovations.
Smart Lighting
• With smart lighting, city authorities can keep real-time tracking of lighting
to ensure optimized illumination and deliver demand-based lighting in
different zones.
• Smart lighting also helps in daylight harvesting and save energy by dimming
out sectors with no occupancies.

• For example, parking lots can be dimmed during work hours, and when a car
is entering, it will be detected and appropriate sectors can be illuminated,
while others can be kept on the diffused setting.
 Connected Streets

• Connected and smart streets are capable of acquiring data and delivering
information and services to and from millions of devices, which includes
information about traffic, road blockages, roadworks, etc. This helps in the
efficient management of resources and people to enhance public
transportation and the urban landscape.
Smart Parking Management
• Smart parking management system can be used to find the vacant location
for a vehicle at different public places.
• Smart parking’s In-Ground Vehicle Detection Sensors are core technologies,
playing a key part in the smart parking solution that is revolutionizing how
drivers in the malls and city centers can find an available parking space.
• Wireless sensors are embedded into parking spaces, transmitting data on
the timing and duration of the space used via local signal processors into a
central parking management application.
• For the effective deployment of smart parking technologies, each device
needs to have a reliable connectivity with the cloud servers.
• Smart parking reduces
• congestion,
• decreases vehicle emissions,
• lowers enforcement costs, and
• reduces driver stress.
Connected Charging Stations
• Electronic vehicle (EV) charging platforms can be integrated with IoT to
streamline the operations of EV charging and addresses the impact of the
power grid.
Internet of Things and
Smart Buildings
UNIT 4
Internet of Things and
Industries
UNIT 4
 Digital/connected factory:

• IoT enabled machinery can transmit operational information to the partners

like original equipment manufacturers and to field engineers. This will
enable operation managers and factory heads to remotely manage the
factory units and take advantage of process automation and optimization.
Along with this, a digitally connected unit will establish a better line of
commands and help identify key result areas (KRAs) for managers
 Facility management:

• The use of IoT sensors in manufacturing equipment enables condition-

based maintenance alerts. There are many critical machine tools that are
designed to function within certain temperature and vibration ranges. IoT
Sensors can actively monitor machines and send an alert when the
equipment deviates from its prescribed parameters. By ensuring the
prescribed working environment for machinery, manufacturers can
conserve energy, reduce costs, eliminate machine downtime and increase
operational efficiency.
 Production flow monitoring:

• IoT in manufacturing can enable the monitoring of production lines starting

from the refining process down to the packaging of final products. This
complete monitoring of the process in (near) real-time provides scope to
recommend adjustments in operations for better management of
operational cost. Moreover, the close monitoring highlights lags in
production thus eliminating wastes and unnecessary work in progress
inventory
 Inventory management:

• IoT applications permit the monitoring of events across a supply chain.

Using these systems, the inventory is tracked and traced globally on a line-
item level and the users are notified of any significant deviations from the
plans. This provides cross-channel visibility into inventories and managers
are provided with realistic estimates of the available material, work in
progress and estimated the arrival time of new materials. Ultimately this
optimizes supply and reduces shared costs in the value chain.
 Plant Safety and Security:

• IoT combined big data analysis can improve the overall workers’ safety and
security in the plant. By monitoring the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of
health and safety, like the number of injuries and illness rates, near-misses,
short- and long-term absences, vehicle incidents and property damage or
loss during daily operations. Thus, effective monitoring ensures better
safety. Lagging indicators, if any, can be addressed thus ensuring proper
redressal health, safety, and environment (HSE) issues.
 Quality control:

• IoT sensors collect aggregate product data and other third-party syndicated
data from various stages of a product cycle. This data relates to the
composition of raw materials used, temperature and working environment,
wastes, the impact of transportation etc. on the final products. Moreover, if
used in the final product, the IoT device can provide data about the
customer sentiments on using the product. All of these inputs can later be
analyzed to identify and correct quality issues.
 Packaging Optimization:

• By using IoT sensors in products and/or packaging, manufacturers can gain

insights into the usage patterns and handling of product from multiple
customers. Smart tracking mechanisms can also trace product deterioration
during transit and impact of weather, road and other environment variables
on the product. This will offer insights that can be used to re-engineer
products and packaging for better performance in both customer
experience and cost of packaging.
 Logistics and Supply Chain Optimization:

• The Industrial IoT (IIoT) can provide access to real-time supply chain
information by tracking materials, equipment, and products as they move
through the supply chain. Effective reporting enables manufacturers to
collect and feed delivery information into ERP, PLM and other systems. By
connecting plants to suppliers, all the parties concerned with the supply
chain can trace interdependencies, material flow and manufacturing cycle
times. This data will help manufacturers predict issues, reduces inventory
and potentially reduces capital requirements.
Internet of Things and
Security
UNIT 4
Categories and
Numbers
Internet of Things and
Big Data and
Visualization
UNIT 4
Data Collection Layer
Data Processing Layer
Data Storage Layer
Data Query Layer
 Data
Visualization
Layer
Internet of Things and
Big Data and Industry
4.0
UNIT 4
What is this?
What is this?
What is this?
What is this?
 Industrial Evolution
4. Industrial
revolution
Based on cyber-physical-
systems

3. Industrial revolution
Through the use of electronics
and IT further progression in
autonomous production

2. Industrial revolution

Level of complexity
Introducing mass production
lines powered by electric
energy

1. Industrial revolution
Introducing mechanical
production machines powered
by water and steam
Industry 1.0 Industry 2.0 Industry 3.0 Industry 4.0
End of the Beginning of the Beginning of the Today
18th century. 20th century 70th
Source: DFKI/Bauer IAO
• iPhone Did not exist in 2006
• iPad ► Android
• Kindle ► Oculus

• 4G ► Instagram

• Uber ► Snapchat

• Airbnb ► Whatsapp

• Android
 Time to reach 100 Million customers

• Telephone 75 Years

• Web 7 Years

• Facebook 4 Years

• Instagram 2 Years

• Pokemon Go 1 Month
 Cyber Physical Systems

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a system of collaborating computational elements

controlling physical entities. CPS are physical and engineered systems whose
operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and integrated by a computing
and communication core. They allow us to add capabilities to physical systems by
merging computing and communication with physical processes.
 Industry 4.0
Six Design Principles
• Interoperability: the ability of cyber-physical systems (i.e. work piece
carriers, assembly stations and products), humans and Smart Factories to
connect and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things and the
Internet of Services
• Virtualization: a virtual copy of the Smart Factory which is created by linking
sensor data (from monitoring physical processes) with virtual plant models
and simulation models
• Decentralization: the ability of cyber-physical systems within Smart
Factories to make decisions on their own
• Real-Time Capability: the capability to collect and analyze data and provide
the insights immediately
• Service Orientation: offering of services (of cyber-physical systems, humans
and Smart Factories) via the Internet of Services
• Modularity: flexible adaptation of Smart Factories for changing requirements
of individual modules
Building blocks of Industry 4.0

Autonomous
Robots

Big data
Simulation
analytics

Horizontal
Augmented and vertical
reality Industry 4.0 system
integration

Industrial
Additive Mfg Internet of
Things

Cyber Security
Impacting all aspect of value chain
 Digital Enterprise
Entire value chain is digitized and integrated
 Potential Implications
Robot Assisted production

Predictive Maintenance

Additive manufacturing of complex parts

Machines as a service

Big data drive quality control

Production line simulation

Smart supply network

 Examples
SIEMENS
German manufacturing giant Siemens, an industrial user, is implementing an

Industry 4.0 solution in medical engineering. For years, artificial knee and hip

joints were standardized products, with engineers needing several days to

customize them for patients. Now, new software and steering solutions enable

Siemens to produce an implant within 3 to 4 hours.

Source: Think Act: INDUSTRY 4.0 The new industrial revolution How Europe will succeed
 Examples
TRUMPF

German toolmaker Trumpf, an Industry 4.0 supplier and worldwide market leader

of laser systems, has put the first "social machines" to work. Each component is

"smart" and knows what work has already been carried out on it. Because the

production facility already knows its capacity utilization and communicates with

other facilities, production options are automatically optimized.

Source: Think Act: INDUSTRY 4.0 The new industrial revolution How Europe will succeed
 Examples
GE
Predix, the operating system for the Industrial Internet, is powering

digital industrial businesses that drive the global economy. By

connecting industrial equipment, analyzing data, and delivering real-

time insights, Predix-based apps are unleashing new levels of

performance of both GE and non-GE assets.

Source:https://www.ge.com/digital/predix
 Impact

Economy

Individual
Business
Impact

Society National &

Global
 Impact
Economy
• Growth

• Ageing

• Productivity

• Employment

• Labour subsititution

• The nature of Work

 Impact
Business

• Customer expectations

• Data enhanced products

• Collaborative innovation

• New operating models

Combining digital, physical and biological worlds

 Impact
• National & Global
• Governments

• Countries, regions & cities

• International security
• Society
• Inequality

• Community

• The Individual
• Identity, morality & ethics

• Human connection
Top 10 Skills to be relevant in Industry 4.0