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Copyright Ineke,SKG 1
What is Bioenergetics?
The study of
energy in living
systems
(environments)
and the
organisms
(plants and
animals) that
utilize them
Copyright Ineke,SKG 2
Energy
Required by
all organisms
May be
Kinetic or
Potential
energy
Copyright Ineke,SKG 3
Kinetic Energy
Energy of
Motion
Heat and
light energy
are
examples
Copyright Ineke,SKG 4
Potential Energy
Energy of
position
Includes
energy
stored in
chemical
bonds
Copyright Ineke,SKG 5
Two Types of
Energy Reactions
Copyright Ineke,SKG 6
Endergonic Reactions
Chemical reaction that
requires a net input of
energy.
energy
Photosynthesis SUN
Light
Energy
photons
Copyright Ineke,SKG 8
Metabolic Reactions
of Cells
Copyright Ineke,SKG 9
What is Metabolism?
The sum total
of the
chemical
activities of
all cells.
cells
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Two Types of Metabolism
Anabolic
Pathways
Catabolic
Pathways
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Anabolic Pathway
Metabolic reactions, which
consume energy (endergonic), to
build complicated molecules from
simpler compounds. light
Photosynthesis SUN energy
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Cellular Energy -
ATP
Copyright Ineke,SKG 14
ATP
Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base
2. ribose: five carbon sugar
3.phosphate group: chain of 3
P P P
ribose
Copyright Ineke,SKG 15
Adenosine Triphosphate
Three
phosphate
groups-(two
with high
energy bonds
Last phosphate
group (PO4)
contains the
MOST energy
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Breaking the Bonds of ATP
Process is called
phosphorylation
Occurs continually
in cells
Enzyme ATP-ase
can weaken & break
last PO4 bond
releasing energy &
free PO4
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How does ATP work ?
Organisms use enzymes to
break down energy-rich
glucose to release its
potential energy
This energy is trapped and
stored in the form of
adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
Copyright Ineke,SKG 18
How Much ATP Do Cells Use?
It is estimated
that each cell
will generate
and consume
approximately
10,000,000
molecules of
ATP per second
Copyright Ineke,SKG 19
Coupled Reaction - ATP
The exergonic
hydrolysis of ATP
is coupled with the
endergonic
dehydration H2O
process by
transferring a
phosphate group to
another molecule.
H2O
Copyright Ineke,SKG 20
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP + H2O ADP + P (exergonic)
P P P
Hydrolysis
(add water)
P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Copyright Ineke,SKG 21
Hyrolysis is Exergonic
Energy
Used
by
Cells
Copyright Ineke,SKG 22
Dehydration of ATP
ADP + P ATP + H2O (endergonic)
Dehydration
(Remove H2O
P P + P
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
P P P
Copyright Ineke,SKG 23
Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy
is
restored
in
Chemical
Bonds
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Review
Copyright Ineke,SKG 25
How many high energy
phosphate bonds does ATP
have?
Copyright Ineke,SKG 26
Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic or Catabolic
Exergonic Or Endergonic
Copyright Ineke,SKG 27
The breakdown of ATP is
due to:
Dehydration or Hydrolysis
Copyright Ineke,SKG 28
Which Reactions are often
Coupled in Organisms
Hydrolysis or
BOTH Dehydration
Anabolism or Catabolism
BOTH
Endergonic or Exergonic
BOTH
Copyright Ineke,SKG 29
Ready for the test?
If not, review and
try again!!!
Copyright Ineke,SKG 30