BY

• CECILIA BIRAR (08.2015.1.01679)

• NUR ROSALINA (08.2015.1.01679)
• WISNU MANGKURAT (08.2015.1.01679)
• ACHMAD RUSDIANTO (08.2015.1.01681)
• ARISKA ASTYNINGRUM (08.2015.1.01679)

2016 - 2017
NANOTECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ADHI TAMA SURABAYA

LECTURER :
 WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY

• the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic

and molecular scale. Generally nanotechnology
deals with structures sized between 1 to 100
nanometer in at least one dimension, and involves
developing or modifying materials or devices within
that size.
 DEVELOPMENT OF NANOTECH

BRIEF HISTORY
The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or
to mankind. An early example of a manmade nanoprocess
is stained glass.

Figure 1.8: Picture of gold nano particles.

Figure 1.7: Stained glass windows.
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 BRIEF HISTORY, CONTINUED

Birth of Nanotechnology
• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science
University used the word
“nanotechnology” to describe the
science and technology of processing or
building parts with nanometric
tolerances.
•A nanometer is a unit of length in the Figure 1.9: Tokyo Science University.
metric system, equal to one billionth of
a meter.

Figure 1.10: Equivalent Units

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 BRIEF HISTORY, CONTINUED

Dr. Richard P. Feynman

• “Why cannot we write the entire 24
volumes of the Encyclopedia
Britannica on the head of a pin?”

Dr. Richard Feynman, one of

America’s most notable physicists,
1918-1988.

Figure 1.11: Richard Feynman.

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 BRIEF HISTORY CONTINUED,

Dr. Feynman, Continued

• “The problems of chemistry and Surely You’re
biology can be greatly helped if our Joking
ability to see what we are doing, and
to do things on an atomic level, is
Mr. Feynman!
ultimately developed – a Adventures of a Curious
development which I think cannot be Character
avoided.”
By Richard Feynman

Figure 1.12: Collection of reminiscences by

Nobel Prize-winning physicist.

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 BRIEF HISTORY, CONTINUED

Atomic Scale
• A computer image of the nano
ice double helix.

• In the nano ice image, oxygen

atoms are blue in the inner
helix, purple in the outer helix.
Hydrogen atoms are white.

Figure 1.13: A nanotechnology self-assembly process.

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 MORE HISTORY

Eric Drexler
• Coined the term “Grey Goo”…the Engines of Creation
potential problem of self-replicating
and autonomous artificial
intelligence machines. The Coming Era
of Nanotechnology

By K. Eric Drexler
Figure 1.14: Drexler’s book.

Figure 1.15: DNA damage.

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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED
Eric Drexler, Continued
Cell Repair Machines
• “By working along molecule by
molecule and structure by
X
structure, repair machines will be
able to repair whole cells. By
working along cell by cell and
tissue by tissue, they…will be able
to repair whole organs…they will
restore health.” - Drexler, 1986

Figure 1.16: Stylized example of

targeted cell repair.

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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED
Metrology
• Measurement of equipment is the cornerstone of
nanotechnology.

Figure 1.17: Scanning probe microscope Figure 1.18: Scanning tunneling microscope
systems from nanoscience instruments. image.

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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED

Buckyballs
• Three gentlemen—Harold Kroto from
the University of Sussex, Robert Curl and
Richard Smalley from Rice University—
were awarded the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry in 1996 for their discovery of a
new composition of carbon, Carbon 60.

Figure 1.19: Carbon-60 buckyball is Figure 1.20: Example of Nobel prize

shaped like a soccer ball. diploma.
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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED

Fullerenes
• Carbon 60 was named after Richard Buckminster Fuller,
who went by the nickname “Bucky.”

Figure 1.21: A “Buckyball.” Figure 1.22: Dome over biosphere in Montreal.

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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED
Top-Down Approach
• Two approaches used in producing nanotechnology
systems. Top-down method is used by computer chip
manufacturers.

Figure 1.23: Moore’s Law. Figure 1.24: Photolithography.

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 MORE HISTORY, CONTINUED

Bottom-Up Approach
•Bottom-up approach to manufacturing is analogous to
the way biological systems are made.

Figure 1.25: An example of a molecular self assembly through hydrogen bonds.

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 Summary
Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive. It is an
emerging field in all areas of science, engineering and
technology.

Welcome to
NanoWorld!

Figure 1.26: Robot image.

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 NANOTECHNOLOGY

• is already making today’s products:

• Lighter
• Stronger
• Faster
• Smaller
• More Durable
NANOTECH
 THE ADVENTAGES IS SIZE MATTERS

How Big is a Nano?

– Nano = 1
billionth;100,000 x’s
smaller than the
diameter of a human
hair.
Examples of Nanoscale
– A cubic micron of water
contains about 90 billion
atoms. A micron is one
thousandth of a
millimeter, and a
thousand times larger
than a nanometer.
– Another way to visualize
a nanometer:
1 inch = 25,400,000
nanometers

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HOW SMALL IS NANO - SMALL?

Units in nanometers (µm)

 COMPARED TO HUMAN HAIR

A Human Hair is about 100,000µm wide

NANOTECHNOLOGY SPANS MANY
AREAS
Information Mechanical Biotechnolog
Technology Engineering
Eng. & y
Robotics
/
Robotics Transportatio
n
Advance
Materials
& Textiles NANOTECHNOLOGY National
Security &
Defense

Energy &
Environment
Food and
Aerospac Medicin Agriculture
e e/
Health
 APPLIED NANOTECHNOLOGY –
EXAMPLES OF CURRENT RESEARCH AND
APPLICATIONS

Powders, Coatings, Carbon Nano-Materials,

Materials Science
C-NanoFabrics
Energy Solar Power and PhotoVoltaics, Hydrogen Fuel
Cells, LED White Light
Medicine/Biotech Genomics, Proteomics, Lab on a Chip,
C-Nanotubes,BuckyBalls

Electronics MRAM, NRAM, Q-Dots, Q-Bits

Devices Lithography, Dip Pen Lithography, AFM, MEMS

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 DISRUPTIVE APPS - MATERIALS

• Fiber that is stronger than spider web

• Metal 100 x’s stronger than steel, 1/6 weight
• Catalysts that respond more quickly and to more agents
• Plastics that conduct electricity
• Coatings that are nearly frictionless –(Shipping Industry)
• Materials that change color and transparency on demand.
• Materials that are self repairing, self cleaning, and never need
repainting.
• Nanoscale powders that are five times as light as plastic but
provide the same radiation protection as metal.

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 DISRUPTIVE APPS - ENERGY

• Fuel cell technology becomes cost effective within

3 years.
• Batteries that store more energy and are much
more efficient
• Plastics and paints that will store solar power and
convert to energy for $1 per watt.

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 DISRUPTIVE APPS - COMPUTING

• Silicon is hitting its size limit, Moore’s law reaches

maximum in 2007
• SuperChips –Combination of Silicon and Galium
Arsenide create wireless chips
• Plastic semiconductors manufactured by regular
printing devices – cheaply produced.
• Electronic Paper

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 DISRUPTIVE APPS – BIO MEDICINE

• Cosmetics that can penetrate the skin

• Cures for Aids, Cancers, Alzheimer's, Diabetes
• Ability to view cells In vivo - Fast Drug Creation
• Nanomaterials that can see inside vessels for
plaque buildup
• Technology that can re-grow bone and organs
• NanoSensors for disease detection – 10x’s faster
and 100,000 x’s more accurate
• Nanofilters will help create impurity free drugs.

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 KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW

• BuckyBalls
• Carbon Nanotubes
• MEMS
• Quantum Dots
• Molecular Self
Repair/Assembly
• MRAM/Spintronics
• Lithography

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 CARBON NANOTUBES

• 4 nm width (smaller
diameter than DNA)
• 100x’s stronger than
steel 1/6 weight
• Thermal/electrically
conductive
• Metallic and Semi-
Conductive

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 BUCKYBALLS – C 60

• Roundest and most

symmetrical molecule
known to man
• Compressed –
becomes stronger
than diamond
• Third major form of
pure carbon
• Heat resistance and
electrical conductivity
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MEMS AND QUANTUM DOTS

Micro Sized Motor Quantum Dot

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 OBSTACLES AND HURDLES

 Mass Production/Throughput and Cost

Constraints

 Funding Requires Long-Term Investments

 Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office that is

Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified

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 CONCLUTION

• Nanotech is a micro material that very promise in

the future, because nantotech have a many
advebtages for human life likes medicine, science,
industrial, etc.