Scope of Learning

© 2017 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced

in any form possible, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted
and/or disseminated in any form or by any means (digital,
mechanical, hard copy, recording or otherwise) without the
permission of the copyright owner.
© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 1
Internal
 Fixed cutter bits

PDC

Natural
Diamond

Fixed
Cutter bit

TSP
Diamond

Impregnated
Diamond

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2

Internal
 Fixed cutter bits

Impregnated Natural
PDC
Diamond Diamond

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 3

Internal
PDC : made out of polycrystalline diamond tables
bonded to cylindrical or post/stud type tungsten
carbide substrate

• 8 to 22mm
• Smaller diameter [less aggressive, torque,
more steerable ]
• Larger diameter [durable, more aggressive]

TSP ( Thermally stable polycrystalline )

• Manufactured in similar fashion

• More tolerance to extreme temperature.

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 4

Internal
 Bit Profiles

Harder Formation

Fishtail – Long – Medium – Short

Long Medium

Faster ROP

Bit diameter
Profile length
Profile height
Short
Fishtail/ballistic

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 5

Internal
 Gauge Protection

• Wearing on the gauge area.

• Will leave an under gauge hole [require reaming from next bit ]

Longer gauge, deep cone [ faster ROP]

Shorter gauge, shallow cone [better steerability]

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 6

Internal
 Bit Body

Advantages Disadvantages
Steel Machined from a withstand impact complex bit profiles.
homogeneous block loading. erosion, abrasion.
of steel.

Matrix Made of composite • extremely hard, Low resistance to

alloy. resistance to impact
scratches,
erosion
• resistance to
abrasion

• matrix
construction only
for diamond

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 7

Internal
 Special Bits

Coring Bit

Under reamer
Case Bit

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 8

Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 9
Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 10
Internal
 Mooring System

• Catenary Mooring System

• Taut Leg Mooring System
• Tension Leg Mooring System
• Single Point Mooring
• Tower Mooring
• Turret Mooring
• Spread Mooring

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 11

Internal
Catenary Mooring System

-most common in shallow water.

Taut Leg Mooring System

-Angle between the line and the floor 30 to 40 deg.

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 12

Internal
 Tension Leg Mooring System

-consist of tubular steel legs

-stiffness in tendons can neglect the
rolling and pitching.

Single Point Mooring System

-one permanently moored buoy

-Buoy can rotate around its bearing.

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 13

Internal
 Tower Mooring System

-tower structure permanently fixed to

the seabed.
-Piled / gravity based
-Tower has bearing system/ can rotate

Turret Mooring System

-Inside the vessel.

-Vessel can rotate and face the
wave direction.

Spread Mooring System

-multi point mooring.

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 14

Internal
 Tender Rig

Semi Tender Rig

-deep water operation/harsh environments

-stability

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 15

Internal
 Semi submersible
-pontoon type column submerged into
water. Deep sea capabilities.

1)bottle types.
2)column-stabilized.

Submersible – can only operate in shallow water. Rest on the seafloor.

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 16

Internal
 Cementing

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 17

Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 18
Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 19
Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 20
Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 21
Internal
 Well Control

-Primary(HP in the wellbore > pressure of formation fluid)

-Secondary(BOP)

-Tertiary(Drilling Relief Wells)

Incremental
Determine the
Pressure from
Leak Off Test fracture pressure
Surface to
of the formation
downhole

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 22

Internal
 Causes of Kick

Swab Pressure [can cause the kick]

-While tripping out.

-ECD at the bit almost at UB.

Surge Pressure

-while going in.

-Downhole pressure increase.
-mud loss.
-formation fracture.

*Trip Tanks on the surface make sure that the

hole is taking the right amount of mud

Loss Circulation

- Loss of drilling fluid

- Shortened mud column/bottom hole pressure decrease

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 23

Internal
 © 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 24
Internal
 Kick Indicators

• Increase in cutting size

• Increase ROP
• Pit gain.

Turn off the top

drive.

Close the annular

BOP.

Drill pipe
Open choke line Kill the well with pressure and
to the degasser. weighted fluid casing pressure
drops to zero

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 25

Internal
 Thank You

© 2017 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 26

Internal