ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Ms. SUZZETH M.
RAMIREZ
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
 ENVIRONMENT
it encompasses all living and non-
living things occurring naturally on
Earth or some region thereof
-the interaction of all living species
 Environmental science is an interdisciplinary
academic field that integrates physical,
biological and information sciences (including
ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, zoology,
mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil
science, geology, atmospheric science, and
geodesy) to the study of the environment, and
the solution of environmental problems.
 LIMNOLOGY
it covers the biological, chemical,
physical, geological, and other
attributes of all inland waters
(running and standing waters, both
fresh and saline, natural or man-
made)
 Geodesy
a branch of applied mathematics and
earth sciences,it is the scientific
discipline that deals with the
measurement and representation of
the Earth (or any planet), including its
gravitational field
Goals of Environmental Science

1. Learn how
nature works
Goals of Environmental Science
2. Understand how we
interact with the
environment
Goals of Environmental Science
3. Find ways to deal with
environmental problems and
live more sustainably
 Environmental Problems
Global warming
Air and water pollution
Hazardous wastes proliferation
Garbage problems
Depletion of biodiversity and other natural
resources
Why is awareness of these environmental
problems important?
How can we understand and solve these
problems?
 ENVIRONMENTALISM
A social, political and ethical
movement and lifestyle
concerned with protecting the
environment and using its
resources wisely
 ENVIRONMENTALIST
An individual who promotes
environmental awareness and
advocates for the protection of
the environment
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST
Is a speacialist who studies,
collects, and analyzes data
pertaining to environmental
conditions/problems
What is the difference between
Environmentalist and Environmental Scientist?
Environmentalist Environmental scientist
 an individual who  is a specialist who
promotes environmental studies, collects, and
awareness and analyzes data
advocates for the pertaining to
protection of the environmental
environment. conditions or problems
 ENVIRONMENTALISM

Not all
environmentalists are
activists
 ENVIRONMENTALISM

Not all environmental

scientists are
environmentalists
Chin Chin Gutierrez
One of Time Asia's 2003
Asian heroes, Filipina
actress, Chin Chin
Gutierrez, displays a solar-
panel at the House of
Representatives
( GREEN PEACE SOLAR CAFE)
Chin Chin Gutierrez
GAIA : Global
Movement Pushes
for “Zero Waste” to
Combat Climate
Change
Chin Chin Gutierrez
STOP TRASHING THE
CLIMATE: Members of the
EcoWaste Coalition and the
Global Alliance for Incinerator
Alternatives, together with
actress Chin-Chin Gutierrez,
gather in Plaza Miranda,
Quiapo, Manila last June 5,
2008
• Would the Earth • Could we find
continue to be solutions to the
resilient to the environmental
changes it problems we are
undergoes? now facing?
Current Population
• 106, 409, 099 as of
June 10, 2018
• 1.4% of the total world
population
• Philippines is ranked 13 to the
most populated country
• The population density is 357 per
km2
= 925 peoplew per mi 2
An Essay on the Principle of Population
 Malthusian Theory
• Thomas Robert Malthus wrote his “Essay on
Principle of Population” in 1798
• The rapidly increasing population of England
feared him and he tried to warn his countrymen
• By nature human food increases in a slow
arithmetical ratio; man himself increases w/ quick
geometrical ratio unless want and vice stop him
 Arithmetic vs Exponential
• A continously increasing quantity is
said to exhibit EXPONENTIAL growth
if the ratio of its rate of growth to the
quantity itself is a constant. A similar
relationship holds between linear
growth and arithmetic progression if
its rate of change is constant
Arithmetic vs Exponential
• The exponential form is used when
populations reproduce
CONTINUALLY(e.g human)
• The arithmetic growth is applied
when populations have DISCRETE
generations (no overlap in
reproduction)
• Malthus concern was not
about population in itself,
but the fact that if it
continues to grow, food
supply would not be enough.
Thomas Malthus and human population
• Thomas Malthus
• Population growth must be controlled, or it will
outstrip food production.
• Starvation, war, disease
• Neo-Malthusians
• Population growth has disastrous effects.
• Paul and Anne Ehrlich, The Population Bomb (1968)
• Agricultural advances have only postponed crises.
 POPULATION BOMB
• Paul R. Ehrlich, 1968
• Malthusian predictions
• Population growth will lead to
starvation, war, disease.
• Death rates check population unless
birth rates are lowered.
• “neo-Malthusian.”
• Many people disagreed with
Malthus especially on the scenario
where the Earth would not be able
to provide for the exponentially
growing population becauce of the
ff:
• Agricultural
revolution
• Industrialization
• Advancement in
technology
Agricultural Revolution
• Is a period of significant
agricultural development
marked by new farming
techniques and inventions that
lead to a massive increase in
food production.
Agricultural Revolution
• 10,000 BC labeled the 1st
agricultural revolution as the
period of transition from a
hunting and gathering society to
one based on stationary farming
Agricultural Revolution
• It began in Great Britain around
the turn of the 18th century.
• Several major events include the
following
Agricultural Revolution
• The perfection of the horse-
drawn seed press (make farming
less labor intensive and more
productive
Agricultural Revolution
• The large scale growth of new
crops, such as potato and maize
by 1750
Agricultural Revolution
• The passing of the ENCLOSURE
LAWS, limiting the common land
available to small farmers in
1760
ENCLOSURE ACTS/LAWS
• Allowed wealthy lords to purchase
public fields and push out small-
scale farmers, causing a migration
of men looking for wage labor in
cities
4 interrelated factors to the increased agricultural production

1. The increased availability of farm

land
2. A favorable climate
3. More livestock
4. Improved crop yield
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• The process by which an economy
is transformed from primarily
agricultural to one based on the
manufacturing of goods.
• Individual manual labor-
mechanized mass production
• Craftsmen- assembly lines
CHARACTERISTICS of INDUSTRIALIZATION
1. Economic growth
2. More efficient division of labor
3. The use of technological
innovation
• The use of fertilizers and pesticides
increased the production of crops-
however, with the control of many
pests, harmless species were
affected
 SILENT SPRING
• Rachel Carson, 1962
Was disturbed by the use of
SYNTHETIC chemical pesticides
SILENT SPRING – gravely expressed
fears about what the pesticide
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT)
 SILENT SPRING
• Rachel Carson, 1962
Often cited as the
founder of
“environmentalism”
 SILENT SPRING
• The book gave birth to a new
environmentalism w/c associated
the silent spring to the
developments in the chemical
industry
 SILENT SPRING
• The connections between industrial,
economic and social development,
depletion of the natural resources,
and environmental degradation
permeated to the consciousness of
concerned citizens
 SILENT SPRING
• Investigated the deleterious effects of DDT on
water courses, wildlife and human beings
• Human beings are merely a part of nature,
distinguished by our ability to alter it
• Called on humankind to take on this view of the
natural world
 SILENT SPRING
• The pesticide
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT):
• was thought safe in 1945
• is known to be toxic today
• but is used widely in Africa to
combat malaria
 The Tragedy of the Commons
• Garrett Hardin, 1968
• Thesis: “Freedom in a commons brings ruin to
all”(ie., the best strategy for individuals conflicts
with the common good.)
• Controversial: Argues for controls on
environmentally-detrimental aspects of human
behaviour, including reproduction
 The Tragedy of the Commons
• Every individual believes that what he does to the
environment does not really matter because he is
just one person
• The effect of what each individual does could
lead to environment decay
 Resource consumption exerts impacts
• Garret Hardin’s “tragedy of the commons” (1968)
• Unregulated exploitation causes resource depletion
• Grazing lands, forests, air, water
• No one has the incentive to care for a resource.
• Everyone takes what he or she can until the resource is
depleted.
• Solution?
• Private ownership?
• Voluntary organization to enforce responsible use?
• Governmental regulations?