.

Counting
Outcomes
 Experiment
A process that has a number
of distinct possible outcomes
in which the result cannot be
predicted with certainly.
 Outcomes
Any possible result of the
experiment.
 Sample Space
The set of all possible
outcomes of an experiment.
Example:

List the sample space when a pair

of dice tossed.
 Event
The subset of the sample space.
Example:
A pair of dice tossed. List the elements in the
following event:
a. The number shown on one of the dice is 5.

b. A sum of 9.

c. A number less than 3 showing on each of the

dice.
d. A number greater than 3 showing one each of
the dice.
 Counting Outcomes
- These companies can use (2) ideas
related to combinations to make these
claims:

(1) TREE DIAGRAMS

(2) THE FUNDAMENTAL

COUNTING PRINCIPLE
 Counting Outcomes

(1) TREE DIAGRAMS

A tree diagram is a diagram used to show

the total number of possible outcomes in
a probability experiment.
 Counting Outcomes

(2) THE FUNDAMENTAL

COUNTING PRINCIPLE

The Fundamental Counting Principle uses

multiplication of the number of ways each
event in an experiment can occur to find
the number of possible outcomes in a
sample space.
 Counting Outcomes
Example 1: Tree Diagrams.
A new polo shirt is released in 4 different
colors and 5 different sizes. How many
different color and size combinations are
available to the public?

Colors – (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow)

Styles – (S, M, L, XL, XXL)
 Counting Outcomes
Example 1: Tree Diagrams.
Answer.
Red Blue Green Yellow

S M L XL XXL S M L XL XXL

S M L XL XXL S M L XL XXL

There are 20 different combinations.

 Counting Outcomes
Example 1: The Fundamental Counting
Principle.
A new polo shirt is released in 4 different
colors and 5 different sizes. How many
different color and size combinations are
available to the public?

Colors – (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow)

Styles – (S, M, L, XL, XXL)
 Counting Outcomes
Example 1: The Fundamental Counting
Principle.
Answer.

Number of Number of Number of

Possible Styles Possible Sizes Possible Comb.

4 x 5 = 20
 Counting Outcomes
 Tree Diagrams and The Fundamental
Counting Principle are two different
algorithms for finding sample space of
a probability problem.

 However, tree diagrams work better

for some problems and the
fundamental counting principle works
better for other problems.
 Counting Outcomes
Example 2: Tree Diagram.
Tamara spins a spinner two
times. What is her probability
of spinning a green on the
first spin and a blue on the second spin?
 Counting Outcomes
Example 2: Tree Diagram.
Tamara spins a spinner two
times. What is her probability
of spinning a green on the
first spin and a blue on the second spin?
Green Blue

Green Blue Green Blue

Only one outcome has green then blue, and there are 4
possibilities…so the P(green, blue) = ¼ or .25 or 25%
 Counting Outcomes
Example 3: The Fundamental Counting
Principle.
If a lottery game is made up of three
digits from 0 to 9, what is the
probability of winning the game?
 Counting Outcomes
Example 3: The Fundamental Counting
Principle.
If a lottery game is made up of three digits
from 0 to 9, what is the probability of
winning if you buy 1 ticket?
# of Possible # of Possible # of Possible # of Possible
Digits Digits Digits Outcomes

10 x 10 x 10 = 1000

Because there are 1000 different possibilities, buying one

ticket gives you a 1/1000 probability or 0.001 or 0.1%
chance of winning.
 Counting Outcomes
Guided Practice: Determine the probability
for each problem.
(1) How many outfits are possible from a pair
of jean or khaki shorts and a choice of
yellow, white, or blue shirt?

(2) Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, and 4

pairs of socks. How many different outfits
can Scott choose with a shirt, pair of
pants, and pair of socks?
 Counting Outcomes
Guided Practice: Determine the probability
for each problem.

(1) Jean Shorts Khaki Shorts

Yellow White Blue Yellow White Blue

JSYS1 JSWS2 JSBS3 KSYS4 KSWS5 KSBS6

(2) Number Number Number Number

Of Shirts Of Pants Of Socks Of Outfits

5 x 3 x 4 = 60
 Counting Outcomes
Real World Example: The Fundamental
Counting Principle.
How many seven digit telephone numbers
can be made up using the digits 0-9,
without repetition?
 Counting Outcomes
Real World Example: The Fundamental
Counting Principle.
How many seven digit telephone numbers
can be made up using the digits 0-9,
without repetition?

Answer: 604,800 different numbers

A special plate number is made up of three letters of
the English alphabet followed by two-digit
numbers. How many plate numbers are possible if:
a. The letters and digits can be repeated in the
same plate number?
b. The letters and digits cannot be repeated in the
same plate number?
 Counting Outcomes
Summary:
- A tree diagram is used to show all of the
possible outcomes, or sample space, in a
probability experiment.
- The fundamental counting principle can
be used to count the number of possible
outcomes given an event that can happen
in some number of ways followed by
another event that can happen in some
number of different ways.
 Counting Outcomes
Summary: So when should I use a tree
diagram or the fundamental counting
principle?
- A tree diagram is used to:
(1) show sample space;
(2) count the number of preferred outcomes.
- The fundamental counting principle can
be used to:
(1) count the total number of outcomes.
 SEATWORK:

Make a tree diagram to find the

number of choices that are
possible.
1. Choose a hat or scarf in gray,
white, or black.
2. Choose a car or truck with tape
player or a CD player
Solve each problem using the counting
principle.
1. In Grade 10 class, thirteen boys and 20 girls can
write the Java program. How many students can
write the Java programs in that grade 10 class?
2. From town A to town B, we can travel using a
bus, a taxi or a boat. There are four buses, 5 taxi
and 2 boat. How many ways you can travel from
town A to town B?
3. A car manufacturer has 7 car model and 8 color
schemes. How many choices can it provide to its
customers?