PLC Programming Basics

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PLC Programming Basics

Basic Ladder Logic “Bit” Instructions

Set Reset One-shot

Rising or Falling

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PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

• Input and output bit instructions

are addressed with either
actual (physical) digital I/O
addresses or internal storage bit
addresses.

• These addresses are defined by the

PLC
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 PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

• easy500 controllers use “Markers”

for internal addresses such as
M01, M05, N11

• easy500 controllers use Ixx for

actual (physical) Input addresses
and Qxx for Output addresses.
Example: I01, I08 are Inputs and Q01,
Q04 are Outputs

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PLC Programming Basics

Instruction Addressing

• Marker addresses (Mxx) are

internal storage addresses defined
by the controller. They are
used as internal relays

• Real-world Input and Output

addresses must correspond to the
actual (physical) input terminal
as defined by the controller
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PLC Programming Basics

Read real world inputs

Evaluate ladder

Write real world outputs

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PLC Programming Basics

Inputs
• Input instructions change state
when power is applied to the input
terminal with the corresponding
address

• It’s common to call the following

instruction “True” rather than
“Closed” when power is applied to
the terminal its addressed to
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PLC Programming Basics

Inputs

• It’s also common to call the

following instruction “False”
rather than “Open” when power is
applied to the input terminal it’s
addressed to

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PLC Programming Basics
Outputs

• Outputs “energize” when rung

conditions preceding them are
“True”

• When Input 1 is True, Output 1

is energized
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PLC Programming Basics

Set/Reset
• A Set instruction remains True
even after the rung conditions
that made it True become False
• A Set instruction must be
accompanied by a Reset
instruction addressed with the
same address in order to reset
the bit, based on your logic

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PLC Programming Basics

Set/Reset Example

Input 1 sets Output 1 and Input 2

resets Output 1 (Inputs 1 & 2 must
not be True at the same time)
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PLC Programming Basics
In 1 Timer 1

Timer 1 Out 1

In 2 Out 2

Ladder is evaluated
(scanned) starting from the
top rung, left to right,
followed by the next rung,
and so on, until the bottom
is reached. Then starts
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PLC Programming Basics

Logical AND/OR Operations

If Input A AND Input
B are True, the
Output will energize

If Input A OR
Input B is true,
the Output will
energize

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PLC Programming Basics

AND/OR Combination Logic

Output X is energized if A AND (B OR

C) are True
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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

• Timers
• Two basic types of timers in PLCs:
1. On-delay timers
2. Off-delay timers

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

• On-delay timers
When an On-delay timer is
energized (True) it delays
turning On the timer’s output bit
until the timer’s preset time
value is reached. The output bit
is often called the timer’s
“Done” bit and it indicates the
timer has attained its preset
time.
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PLC Programming Basics - Timers

• Off-delay timers
When an Off-delay timer is
energized (True) it immediately
turns On its output (Done) bit.
The timer then delays turning Off
the output (Done) bit for the
timer’s preset time, after the
timer is de-energized (False).
Off-delay timers are less common
than On-delay timers.
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Questions?

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© 2013 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.