A foreign policy of pacifying an aggrieved nation

through negotiation in order to prevent war.

= “TO BRING PEACE”

It is giving in to another country’s demands often
in an effort to prevent war or other problems.
According to Paul Kennedy, ‘the policy of settling
international (or, domestic) quarrels by admitting
and satisfying grievances through rational
negotiation and compromise, thereby avoiding the
resort to an armed conflict which would be
expensive, bloody, and possibly very dangerous’.
Is a method of diplomacy to achieve a just and
peaceable resolution of international differences
without recourse to armed conflict
The many positive aspects of appeasement are
generally overshadowed by the pejorative meaning
attached to the term because of one specific
historical instance (WWII appeasement) and the
emotions this arouses.
As a foreign policy strategy, it is rarely advocated
today, largely as a result of the failure of British
diplomacy vis-à-vis Nazi Germany in the later 1930s.

On positive lens, as one canon of diplomacy, has

been taken to mean the “amelioration of European
animosities” without recourse to war.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
a. British Appeasement towards Germany
Alternative when the League of Nations’ collective
security failed.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
a. British Appeasement towards Germany
Alternative when the League of Nations’ collective
security failed.
Appeasement was the policy followed primarily by
Britain in the 1930s in attempting to settle
international disputes by satisfying grievances
through compromise and negotiation.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
a. British Appeasement towards Germany
This was the policy of giving Hitler what he wanted
to stop him from going to war. It was based on the
idea that what Hitler wanted was reasonable and,
when his reasonable demands had been satisfied, he
would stop.

Neville Chamberlain, the Prime Minister of Great

Britain
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
a. British Appeasement towards Germany
An example of appeasement was the Munich Agreement
of September 1938.
In the Agreement, Britain and France allowed Germany
to annex areas in Czechoslovakia where German-
speakers lived. In return, Germany agreed not to
invade the rest of Czechoslovakia or any other
country.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
a. British Appeasement towards Germany
Reasons for appeasement:
1. British people wanted peace
2. Hitler's complaints appeared reasonable
3. Chamberlain wanted a strong Germany
4. Britain's armed forces were not ready for a war
5. Many people admired Hitler
6. Trauma of the slaughter of World War I
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
b. British Appeasement towards Italy
As the conquest of Abyssinia by Italy have
threatened Britain economically, strategically and
diplomatically, the British Government followed a
muddle-headed policy of appeasement.
When both Germany and Italy interfered in the Civil
War in Spain, Britain adopted a policy of non-
intervention in Spain.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
b. British Appeasement towards Italy
It has to be admitted that the British policy of
appeasement towards Italy did not bring about the
desired result. Instead of appeasing Italy, it
aroused her suspicion and pushed her more and more
into the arms of Germany.
1. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY GREAT BRITAIN
C. British Appeasement towards Japan
Britain assume that Japan would act as her watch-dog
in the Far East and amicably settle the division of
China with her. Britain openly backed Japan “as the
champion against the Soviet Union and even against
the United States.”
2. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY FRANCE
In 1936, German troops occupied the Rhineland.
France merely protested although the German action
was a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles
and the Locarno Pact.

At the time of the Abyssinian crisis, France

followed a policy of appeasement towards Italy.
2. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY FRANCE
France played a similar role during the Civil War in
Spain. France followed a policy of non-intervention
in Spain.

When Germany and Italy invaded France, it became

more and more dependent on Britain and merely
followed her lead. France did whatever was decided
by Chamberlain.
2. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY FRANCE
Reasons for appeasement:
1. France was not prepared for war
2. French people were suffering from a sort of
schism
4. Fascism was gaining popularity in France.
5. The horror of war among the French
6. The tremendous fear of Communism and the Soviet
Union
3. POLICY OF APPEASEMENT BY UNITED STATES
Reasons why the United States followed a policy of
appeasement:

1. There was a similarity between the economic

systems of the United States and the Fascist states.
2. Industrialists of that country were terribly
afraid of Communism and were willing to support
Hitler and Mussolini so that the progress of
Communism could be checked in the world.
In the postwar period, appeasement quickly became a
term used to identify a failed or misguided policy.

British and American policymakers, embroiled in the

cold war, refused to “appease” the Soviet Union when
faced with its aggressive policies.
In 1956 Prime Minister Anthony Eden, who had
resigned from the British government in the 1930s
over appeasement policies, intervened in Egypt with
the French and Israelis because he believed that
concessions to Nasser would be a new form of
appeasement.
American president Lyndon Johnson’s unwillingness to
back out of the Vietnam War resulted, in part, from
his refusal to appease Ho Chi Minh.

In the United States’ long war with Iraq, both

Democratic and Republican leaders claimed that to
give into Saddam Hussein would be Chamberlain-esque
appeasement all over again.
British policymakers’ inability to appreciate the
emerging power of Germany prevented them from seeing
how their good intentions could lead to war. The
disastrous consequences of their policy choices
continue to influence how appeasement is understood
today.
Appeasement can only succeed if leaders can
correctly appraise the distribution of power in the
international system.
When an adversary who is weak makes demands that
will not necessarily increase its strength too much,
appeasing those demands might decrease conflict in
the future. At the same time, by constantly
conceding to demands from different powers, a great
power might eventually undermine its ability to
deter others in the system.
Conflict resolution often requires the granting of
concessions, something that, while very few would
call it appeasement, is not that far from the
policies that were identified as such in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Deference is the idea that people should recognize
and submit to the authority of their superiors.
Deference as defined by Howard Newby (The
Deferential Worker, 1977), ‘the form of social
interaction which occurs in situations involving the
exercise of traditional authority’
Submissive behavior is required on the part of the
subordinate actor or group. A deferential
performance need not imply deferential attitudes —
merely a conforming to expectations within an
unequal power relationship.
Greeting the Japanese emperor at Tokyo’s Imperial
Palace, President Barack Obama bowed so low that he
was looking straight at the stone floor.

“sign of respect,” adding that the depth of the bow

reflected “the level of respect.”
President Barack Obama shook hands with the prime
minister of repressive Myanmar during a group
meeting.