 Comes from the Latin word for lead; plumbum

 and the term plumbarius meaning leading worker.

 The earliest forms of plumbing involved
 use of wood or earthenware but were later
 constructed out of lead. Plumbers were
 skilled lead workers who fitted and repaired
 the apparatus of water distribution in and
 out of a building. In the past, plumbers
 dealt with everything involving supply
 and waste. They soldered, installed and
 repaired piping, worked on roofs and gutters,
 as wells as sewers and drains.
 In water supply, the following should be considered to
minimize the possibility of contamination:
 1. Wells that are supplying water for public used should be
located at a minimum distance of 100 meters radius from
residences.
 2. All residents within this zone must have sanitary
services.
 3. There should be no concrete sanitary sewers existing
within 15 meters radius of the well.
 4. No out door privies, cesspool, septic tank, or drain fields
shall be located within 45 meters radius of the well.
 5. The area should be well drained to divert surface water
from the well and minimize the possibility of flooding.
 6. All abandoned wells near the site chosen for a new well
should be plugged and properly sealed to prevent possible
contamination of the ground water formation.
 7. The minimum safe distance of the septic tank from the
source of potable water is 15 meters.
 8. The minimum meter radius from a well, that is supplying
water public for public use to the residences is 100 meters.
 The water supply of a building or premises consists of
the water service pipe, the water distributing pipes,
and the necessary connecting pipes, fitting, control
valves, and all appurtenance in or adjacent to the
building or premises.
 Types of valves
 1. Gate valve – allows the maximum flow of water as a
main control through the pipes.
 2. Globe valve – used to slow down the flow of the
water.
 3. Check valve – used to prevent the backflow of water.
 4. Angle valve – used to control the water supply of
lavatory, sink and water closet.
 5. Float valve – used to control water supply inside the
tank.
 Kinds of Pipe Fittings for Water System
 1. Elbow 90 degree 9. Plug
 2. Elbow 45 degree 10. Short Nipple
 3. Union coupling 11. Long Nipple
 4. Bushing 12. Coupling
 5. Tee
 6. Cross Tee
 7. Reducer Coupling
 8. Cap
 It is the system of soil, waste and vent.

 The Drainage System should accomplish the following:

 1. Fast removal of the waste with minimum probability
of leakage and stoppage of drains.
 2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious
gases into the house from the piping system.
 STACK- It is the system of soil, waste and vent.
 Refers to installation which receives and conveys water
closet discharge with or without waste coming from
other fixtures.

Stack
Refers to the system of soil waste and vent.
 Is an any pipe in a drainage installation which receives
the discharge of any fixture except water closet and
conveys the same to the soil branch, soil pipe or house
drain.
 Refers to installation which convey discharge of
fixtures and other than water closet such as, lavatories,
slop sink, urinals, bathtub and other similar fixtures to
soil branch, soil stack or house drain.
 The drainage installation of a plumbing system is
subdivided into three component parts namely
Drainage, Waste and Vent of simply DWV.