History

Advantage and
Disadvantage of
Communicative Characteristics
Language Teaching
 History
 Communicative language teaching has been the center of language
teaching discussions since the late 1960s (Savignon&Berns, 1984,
Page 4). Over the years it had become clear to its proponents that
mastering grammatical forms and structures did not prepare the
learners well enough to use the language they are learning
effectively when communicating with others. As a result, situational
language teaching and its theoretical conjectures were questioned
by British linguists. Some of the linguists had the task of providing
the Council of Europe with a standardized program for foreign
language teaching. D. A. Wilkins was one of them, and his work has
had the greatest impact on current materials for language teaching
(Savignon&Berns, 1984, Page10). He analyzed the existing syllabus
types (grammatical and situational) and the communicative
meanings that a language learner needs to understand.
 Characteristics of Communicative Language
Teaching

Language teaching is based on a

view of language as
Diversity is recognized and
communication. That is, language
accepted as part of language A learner’s competence is
is seen as a social tool that speakers
development and use in second considered in relative, not in
use to make meaning; speakers
language learners and users, as absolute, terms.
communicate about something to
it is with first language users.
someone for some purpose, either
orally or in writing.

Culture is recognized as
More than one variety of the
instrumental in shaping
language is recognized as a No single methodology or fixed
speaker’s communicative
viable model for learning and set of techniques is prescribed.
competence, in both their first
teaching.
and subsequent languages.

Language use is recognized as It is essential that learners be

serving ideational,
interpersonal, and textual
functions and is related to the
development of learner’s
competence in each.
engaged in doing things with
language – that is, that they use
language for a variety of
purposes in all phases of
learning.
 Advantage
The main part of the learning
process is not upon the
CLT focuses on and objectives
teacher for this reason
at communicative
illustrating that CLT classes
competence. thus, allowing
Its mean that the learning have moved from teacher-
the students to apply the
process allowed them to centeredness to learner-
It motivates students to language in a communicative
boarding and improving their centeredness. In different
improve their ability of using situation to fulfill their needs
ideas about what they are words, much more time
English by themselves since it in actual-life communication
going to do and express. issued by using the learner
emphasises on fluency in the is a priority in CLT . In
These enable to raise their that the role of the teacher is
target language. different words, it brings the
confident and enjoy talking just to facilitate the learning
actual life situation of the
more. process. for that reason, the
native English in to classroom
learner should exercise and
activities such as role-play
communicate enough in the
and simulation.
CLT class to attain
communicative competence.
 Disadvantage
The method offers
priority to meanings and
regulations of use rather
than to grammar and
rules of structure. In
different words, it is felt
that there is not enough
emphasis on the
correction of
focuses on fluency but not levels of proficiency in the
pronunciation and
grammar error. it is accuracy in grammar and
because too much
attention on meaning at
the expense of form. it's
far believed that with CLT
there is a danger of
focusing too much on oral
skills and less emphasis is
given to reading and
writing abilities.
The monitoring ability of
the teacher must be very
The CLT approach is
good. despite teachers’
great for intermediate
best efforts, classroom CLT is sometimes tough
student and advanced
activities are not truly to be implemented in an
students, but for
real-life and it can be EFL classroom due to the
beginners some
difficult to breed honestly lack of sources and
controlled practice is
authentic language use equipments like authentic
needed Students with low
The CLT approach and to facilitate real materials and native
interaction. furthermore, speaker teachers as well
target language may find
a chief principle as large size of the classes.
it difficult to participate
pronunciation. underlying this method is in addition, suitable
in oral communicative
its emphasis on learners' classrooms aren't
activities and, if the
needs and interests. this available that can permit
exams used by any
implies that much more for group paintings
institution are grammar
effort is predicted that activities and for teaching
based, communicative
each teacher should aids and materials.
fluency may not be
modify the syllabus to
appropriate.
correspond with the
needs of the learners.
 History

Community
Characteristics
Language Learning

Advantage and
Disadvantage of
Community
Language Learning
 History

 Community Language Learning (CLL) is the name of a

method developed by Charles A. Curran and his
associates. Curran was a specialist in counseling and a
professor of psychology at Loyola University, Chicago.
His application of psychological counseling techniques to
learning is known as Counseling-Learning. Community
Language Learning represents the use of Counseling-
Learning theory to teach languages.
Characteristics

Security

Retention
Attention-
and
Aggression
reflection
 Advantage and Disadvantage of
Comunity Language Learning
Advantage
• Make students independent in
doing their assignments in
class.
• Collaborating between one
student and another student in
learning the target language
• Increase confidence in learning
the target language.
Disadvantage
• Use a lot of time.
• The success of this method
depends on the counselor's
expertise in translating.
• The recording process can
cause various difficulties for
students that are not
uncommon with recording.