CELLULAR TELEPHONE

SYSTEM
Maceda, Jelou M.
 INTRODUCTION
In the modern world of Electronic communication,
cellular telephone began as a relatively simple
concept.
Due to the increase of demand for cellular service
has caused cellular telephone system evolve into
complicated network
Internetwork comprise several type of cellular
telephone system.
• The new system evoke new terms:
Standard Cellular Telephone Service (CTS)
Personal Communication System (PCS)
Personal Communication Satellite System (PCSS)
 INTRODUCTION

Cellular telephone began as relatively simple two-

way analog communication using:
 Frequency Modulation (FM)
- for voice
 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
-for transporting control and signaling
information.

1989, Federal Communication Commission has

added new frequency band for cellular telephone.
FIRST-GENERATION ANALOG
CELLULAR TELEPHONE
• The first generation was designed for
voice communication.
• One example is Advanced Mobile
Phone System (AMPS) used in North
America. AMPS is an analog cellular
phone system.

1971
• Bell Telephone Laboratory in Murry Hill
New Jersey proposed Advanced Mobile
Phone System (AMPS).

October 13,1983
• it was placed into operation that covers
2100 square miles in the Chicago Area.
Original System
• Omnidirectional antenna
Minimize initial equipment Cost
Employ low-power (7watts) transmitters

• Voice-Channel radio transceivers uses Narrowband Frequency

Modulation (NBFM)
audio-frequency band from 300 Hz to 3 kHz
maximum frequency deviation of ±12 kHz for 100%
modulation
 ADVANCE MOBILE PHONE SYSTEM
(AMPS)
• The first cellular phone
technology created by AT&T
Bell Labs.
• The idea was to divide the
entire service area into logical
divisions called cells.
• Its Speed has a minimum of
2.4kbps and a maximum of
14.4kbps
 CHARACTERISTIC OF AMPS
•Frequency Allocation
•Frequency Division Multiple Accessing
(FDMA)
•Identification Codes
•Channels (Voice and Control)
AMPS FREQUENCY ALLOCATION
• It uses 800MHz ISM band and two separate analog channels;
forward and reverse analog channels.
• The band between 824 to 849 MHz is used for reverse
communication from MS to BS.
• The band between 869 to 894 MHz is used for forward
communication from BS to MS.
• Each band is divided in to 832 30- KHz channels.
• AMPS uses Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) to divide
each 25-MHz band into 30-KHz channels.
 Original (amps) Frequency Spectrum

• The FCC assigned the AMPS system a

40-MHz frequency band consisting of 666
two-way channels per service area with
30-kHz spacing between adjacent
channels.

• Two frequency allocation plans

emerged—system A and system B—
each with its own group of channels
that shared the allocated frequency
spectrum.

System A is defined for the non-wireline

companies (i.e., cellular telephone
companies)
System B for existing wireline companies
(i.e., local telephone companies).
COMPLETE AMPS FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM
• In 1989, the FCC added an
additional 10-MHz
frequency spectrum to the
original 40-MHz band, which
increased the number of
simplex channels by 166 for
a total of 832 (416 full
duplex).
• The additional frequencies
are called the expanded
spectrum and include
channels 667 to 799 and 991
to 1023.
• The mobile unit’s transmit carrier frequency in MHz for any channel is
calculated as follows:
 EXAMPLES
• Determine the transmit and receive carrier frequencies for
a. AMPS channel 3.
Solution
a. The transmit and receive carrier frequencies for channel 3 can
be determined from Equations 1 and 3:
transmit 𝑓𝑡 = 0.03N + 825
= 0.03(3)+ 825
= 825.09 MHz

receive 𝑓𝑟 = 825.09 MHz +45 MHz

= 870.09 MHz
 EXAMPLES

b. AMPS channel 991.

Solution:
The transmit and receive carrier frequencies for channel
991 can be determined from Equations 2 and 3:

Transmit 𝑓𝑡 = 0.03(991 - 1023) + 825

= 824.04 MHz
Receive 𝑓𝑟 = 824.04 MHz + 45 MHz
= 869.04 MHz
 FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLE
ACCESSING
• Frequency Division
Multiple Access (FDMA)
is the most common
analog system.
• It is a technique
whereby spectrum is
divided up into
frequencies and then
assigned to users.
• In FDMA all user share
the frequency channel.
AMPS IDENTIFICATION CODE
 The AMPS system uses several identification codes for
each mobile unit.
Mobile Identification Number Station Class Mark (SCM)
(MIN) -a parameter that
identifies certain
-is a 34-bit binary code, characteristics of MS. An
which is the programmed example being its
handset phone number used to frequency capabilities
call the subscriber.
-a digital representation
of the MS’s 10-digit directory
telephone number.
Electronic Serial Number (ESN)
-A 32-bit binary number uniquely identifies a cellular unit or a MS and is
established by the manufacturer at the factory.
 System Identifier (SID)
-a unique 15-bit binary number assigned to a cellular system, assigned by FCC to
every cellular system.
-the SID is stored in all base station & all mobile units, to identify the operating
company and MTSO and any additional MTSO shared.

 Local operating companies assign a:

• two bit Digital Color Code (DCC)

-A digital representation equivalent of the supervisory audio tone used in
the AMPS system
• Supervisory Audio Tone (SAT)
- The SAT tone is used to identify users on the same operating frequencies,
but in different cells.
 to each of their base stations to help the mobile units distinguish one base
station from a neighboring base station.
AMPS CHANNEL
 CONTROL CHANNEL
- these are responsible for
housekeeping task such as
telling the mobile when a call
is coming in and which
frequency to use.
-Control channels are
used for call origination, for
call termination, and to
obtain system information.
-Control channel cannot
carry voice information.
• With AMPS:
 base stations broadcast
on the Forward Control
Channel (FCC)

 listen on the Reverse

Control Channel (RCC)
FORWARD CONTROL CHANNEL

REVERSE CONTROL CHANNEL

 AMPS CONTROL CHANNEL
FORWARD CONTROL
CHANNEL
• the control channel message is
preceded by:
• A 10 bit dotting scheme.
• 11 bit synchronization word.
• The message repeated 5
times.
• If three of five words are
identical, the receiver
assumes that as the
message
• Each message contains
40bits
REVERSE CONTROL
CHANNEL
• The control data are
transmitted a 10 kbps rate
included:
• 30 bit dotting sequence
• 11 bit synchronization word
• Digital color code (DCC)
• Each message word
contains 40 bits &is
repeated 5 times for a total
of 200.
 VOICE CHANNEL SIGNALING
• Voice or User channels are used for
propagating actual voice conversations or
subscriber data.
• Voice channel cannot carry control signal.
• Analog cellular carry both voice using FM
and digital signaling information using binary
FSK.
• BLANK AND BURST
• When transmitting digital signaling
information, voice transmission are
inhibited.
• The bit rate of digital information is 10kbps.
FORWARD VOICE CHANNEL
REVERSE VOICE CHANNEL
FIN