BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

1
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012
 OBJECTIVES:

 Define the basic concepts of CPR

 Identify the basic mnemonic of Basic Life

Support

 Identify the chain of survival for adult

 Explain the adult management of airway,

breathing and circulation

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 2

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 3
 20

60%

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 4

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 5
 Content

 Adult One rescuer CPR technique

 Adult Two rescuer CPR technique
 Airway Obstruction – Conscious (Heimlich
Manoeuvre)
 Airway Obstruction – become Unconscious
 Airway Obstruction – Found Unconscious
 Care of unconscious victim ( Recovery position)

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 6

 Chain of Survival

The 5 links in adult chain of survival are:

- Early access
- Early CPR
- Rapid defibrillation Effective advance life
support
- Integrated post-cardiac arrest care

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 7

 CAB VS ABC???

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 8

 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

Assessment
D = Danger
R = Response

C = Circulation
A = Airway
B = Breathing

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 9

 No more Look, Listen and Feel

 should not delay activating EMS

 3 things remain simultaneously :
1. Response
2. Breathing
3. Pulse ( within 10 second)

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 10

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 11
Danger
 Make sure the scene is safe for you and victim

Response
 Tap the victim’s shoulder and shout, “Are you all right?”
 No response, activate EMS “999”
 Check pulse and breathing

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 12

 Chest Compression
 Compress the center of victims' chest

 Start compression within 10 seconds of recognition

of cardiac arrest

 Allow complete chest recoil after each compression

 Minimize interruption in compressions (limit lest than

10 sec)

 Push hard, push fast:

- compress at a rate of at least 100/min
- Compress depth at least 2 inches (5cm)
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 13
 Chest Compression
 Give effective breaths that make chest raise

 Avoid excessive ventilation

 Ratio 30:2

 Recheck after 5 cycles

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 14

 Breathing
 Breathing devices
1-way valve face mask
- Deliver air over 1 second to make the victim’s chest
raise

Bag-Mask
- Use the E-C clamp technique to hold mask in place
while you lift up the jaw to open airway
- Squeeze the bag to give breath (1 second each) while
watching for chest rise

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 15

 Rescue Breathing
 To perform when victim has pulse but no breathing

 Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds (about 10 to 12

breaths per minute)

 Rescuer’s exhaled air contain approximately 17% oxygen

and 4% carbon dioxide

 Give each breath 1 second

 Each breath should result in visible chest rise

 Check pulse every 2 minutes

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 16
 Rescue Breathing
 Avoid giving breaths too rapidly, too forcefully and
with too much volume as it will cause gastric inflation.

 Gastric inflation can resulting victim vomit, aspiration

or pneumonia

 To reduce risk of gastric inflation:

1. Take 1 second to deliver each breath
2. Deliver air until you make victim’s chest rise

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 17

 RECOVERY POSITION
If there is pulse and casualty is breathing.

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012

15 July 2019
18 18
NURSING - KDU COLLEGE
STEP 1 If the victim is breathing normally
– place the victim in recovery position.

15 July 2019
19
ASPNURSING
Medical Clinic/
- KDUsept
COLLEGE
2012
STEP 2

15 July 2019
20
ASPNURSING
Medical Clinic/
- KDUsept
COLLEGE
2012
STEP 3

15 July 2019
21
ASPNURSING
Medical Clinic/
- KDUsept
COLLEGE
2012
STEP 4

15 July 2019
22
ASPNURSING
Medical Clinic/
- KDUsept
COLLEGE
2012
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 23
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 24
 Assess Severity

Severe Mild

(ineffective cough) (effective cough)

Encourage cough
Conscious Continue to check for
Unconscious deterioration to ineffective
5 abdominal
Start CPR cough or until obstruction
thrusts
relieved.
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 25
 ADULT – FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY
OBSTRUCTION
 MILD (effective cough)

- Present of Universal Choking Sign

- Ask : Are You Choke?
Can You Speak?
Can I Help You?
 Encourage cough
 Continue to check for deterioration to ineffective cough
or until obstruction relieved

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 26

  SEVERE (ineffective cough)

 Conscious
 5 back blows
 5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver)

 Back Blows
 Stand to the side and slightly behind the victim.
 Support the chest with one hand and lean the victim
forward….???
 Give 5 blows between the shoulder blades with the heel
of your hand.
 If fail then use abdominal thrust.
ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 27
 Abdominal Thrust (Heimlich Maneuver)
 Stand behind the victim and wrap both arms round the
waist.
 Clench your fist with 1 hand
 Place thumb side of your fist against the victim’s
abdomen, in the midline, slightly above the navel and
well below breastbone.
 Grasp your fist firmly with your other hand and press
your fist into victim’s abdomen with quick, forceful
upwards thrust.
 Repeat thrusts until object is expelled from airway or
victim become unconscious
 Give each new thrust with a separate, distinct movement
to relieve the obstruction

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 28

 ABDOMINAL THRUST

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 29

 Unconscious
 Start CPR
 Open airway and remove foreign object with finger
sweep if it is visible or else DO NOT APPLY BLIND
FINGER SWEEP.

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 30

 Special Precautions:

CHEST THRUST
should be apply for obese and pregnancy victim.

ASP Medical Clinic/ sept 2012 31