Definition of Electrical Substation:

Electrical substations may be defined as the transformation and

switching stations which are built in between the power stations
and ultimate consumers.

Types of Electrical substations:

Based on purpose:

1. Step-up substation
2. Primary grid substation
3. Secondary grid substation
4. Distribution substation
5. Bulk supply or industrial substation
6. Mining substation
7. Mobile substation
Based on voltage level:

1. Medium voltage substation (up to 33 kV)

2. High voltage substation (66 kV to 132 kV)
3. Extra high voltage substation (230 kV to 400 kV)
4. Ultra high voltage substation (760 kV and above)

Based on insulating medium:

1. Air insulated switchgear substation (AIS substation)

2. Gas insulated switchgear substation (GIS substation)

Based on constructional features:

1. Outdoor type
2. Indoor type
Components of electrical substation:

Primary components:

1. Busbar
2. Bus Disconnecting Switch/Bus Isolator
3. Circuit Breaker
4. Current Transformer
5. Line Disconnecting Switch/Line Isolator
6. Earth Switch
7. Insulator
8. Potential Transformer
9. Lightning Arrestor
10. Transformer (Depends on type)
11. Capacitor Bank (Optional)
12. Wave Trap (Optional)
Components of electrical substation:

Secondary components:

1. Bay Marshalling Kiosk (BMK)

2. Cable Trench
3. Power and Control Cable
4. Control Panel
5. Protection Panel
6. Indication Meter
7. Tariff Meter
8. Bay Replica and T-N-C Switch
9. Protective Relay
10. Auxiliary Relay
11. Battery
12. Battery Charger
13. Substation Automation System (Optional)