Roll No : – 09MCA023

Name :– Pancholi Pinal

Simple Meaning of AI
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE contains two words….
ARTIFICIAL + INTELLIGENCE
In simple words….

I. An intellectual quality
II. An activity aiming at the collection of information
 What is AI?
• Various definitions:
 Getting computers to do tasks which require human
intelligence.
 AI included , Concerns itself with a certain set of
problems & develops a particular body of techniques for
approaching these problems.
• But what is “intelligence”?
• Simple things turn out to be the hardest to automate:
 Recognising a face.
 Navigating a busy street.
 Understanding what someone says.
• All tasks require reasoning on knowledge.
 Why do AI?
Two main goals of AI:
To understand human intelligence better. We test
theories of human intelligence by writing programs
which emulate it.
To create useful “smart” programs able to do tasks that
would normally require a human expert.
 Artificial intelligence is used for logistics, data
mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas
throughout the technology industry.

 The success was due to several factors: the incredible

power of computers today , a greater emphasis on solving
specific sub-problems, the creation of new ties between AI
and other fields working on similar problems, and above
all a new commitment by researchers to solid
mathematical methods and rigorous scientific standards.
Who does AI?
Many disciplines contribute to goal of
creating/modelling intelligent entities:
Computer Science
Psychology (human reasoning)
Philosophy (nature of belief, rationality, etc)
Linguistics (structure and meaning of language)
Human Biology (how brain works)
Subject draws on ideas from each discipline.
Humanlike Computer
Continue without human intervention when faced
with unforeseen situations
Possesses or simulate the ability to reason
Psychologists and their models may be helpful
Computer vs.
vs. Human
Human
Machine
 Performs precisely defined tasks with speed and
accuracy
 Not gifted with common sense
Human
 Flounders on complex computations
 Capable of understanding and reasoning
 More likely to understand the results and determine
what to do next
Related Fields
Computer
Linguistics
Science

Artificial
Philosophy Psychology
Intelligence

Mathematics Biology

9
Two Approaches
Performance oriented
 Computer scientists’ main concern
 Build more useful machines

Simulation oriented
 Psychologists’ focus
 Understanding human thought and behavior
 Opportunities to test theories
Weak AI vs. Strong AI
Weak AI
 Machines programmed to exhibit intelligent behavior
 Games and expert systems
Strong AI
 Machines programmed to possess intelligence and
consciousness
 Intelligence and consciousness are internal
characteristics that can not be identified directly
Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Language processing
Robotics
Database systems
Expert systems
 Typical AI Problems
• Intelligent entities (or “agents”) need to be able to do
both “mundane” and “expert” tasks:
• Mundane tasks - consider going shopping:
 Planning a route, and sequence of shops to visit!
 Recognising (through vision) buses, people.
 Communicating (through natural language).
 Navigating round obstacles on the street, and manipulating
objects for purchase.
• Expert tasks are things like:
 medical diagnosis.
 equipment repair.
• Often “mundane” tasks are the hardest.
What is Prolog….?
• Prolog is a language geared to representing knowledge
and searching for solutions.
• Prolog programs based on facts and rules, and run by
asking questions.
Summary
• AI about creating intelligent entities, with a range
of abilities such as language, vision,
manipulation/navigation..
• Intelligence involves knowledge - this must be
represented with and reasoned with.
• Solving problems involves search.
• Prolog is a language geared to representing
knowledge and searching for solutions.
• Prolog programs based on facts and rules, and run
by asking questions.