INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND

REPORTING

BORJA
DIZON
PANGILINAN
 WHAT IS AN INCIDENT?

It is an unplanned, undesired event that has the potential to

cause injury, illness, or property damage or some
combination of all three in varying degrees from minor to
catastrophic.
 WHAT IS AN ACCIDENT?

It is an unexpected event that may result in property

damage, and does result in an injury or illness to an
employee.
 ACCIDENT / INCIDENT CAUSAL FACTORS

1. Surface Cause

Is the condition or act that

directly caused the incident.
But they are often the result
of underlying causes, called
root causes.
 ACCIDENT / INCIDENT CAUSAL FACTORS

1. Root Cause

The root cause is the system

failure that allowed the
surface cause to occur. A
thorough investigation will
reveal the root cause of the
incident.
 BASIC STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION

1. Preserve/Document Scene

Preserve the scene to prevent material evidence from being

removed or altered; investigators can use cones, tapes,
and/or guards.
 BASIC STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION

2. Collecting Information

Incident information is collected through interviews,

document reviews and other means.
 BASIC STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION

3. Determine Root Cause

Root Cause Analysis is asking “why” the problem occurred,

and then continuing to ask why that happened until we reach
the fundamental process element that failed.
BASIC STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN INVESTIGATION

4. Implementation Of CAPA

CAPA (Corrective Action

Preventive Action) is used to
bring about improvements to an
organization's processes, and is
often undertaken to eliminate
causes of non-conformities or
other undesirable situations.
 CORRECTIVE ACTION PREVENTIVE ACTION

It is an action to Its is an action to eliminate

eliminate the cause of a the cause of a potential
detected non-conformity nonconformity and its
and its recurrence once occurrence after a
a root cause path is correction action has been
selected. validated.
Engineering Design
and
Administrative
Control
Prepared by: Dizon, Dietrich J.
BS ChE
 Engineering Design
* method that engineers use to identify
and solve problems.
* Engineering design is a process.
* Engineering design is purposeful.

DEFINITION
 Engineering Design
*Engineering design is “design under
constraint.”
*Engineering design is systematic and iterative

*Engineering design is a social, collaborative

enterprise
DEFINITION
 Four C’s of Design

Good design is good business.

 Four C’s of Design

Good design is good business.

 Engineering Design Process

The engineering design process is a methodical series of steps that

• A series of steps that
engineers use to guide
them as they solve
problems.
• It is cyclical and can
begin at any step, or
move back and forth
between steps. (1)
 Innovation vs. Invention
Invention Innovation
A device or process originated A new improvement to an
after study and experiment existing device or process

Invention

Innovations
Image taken from: http://www.novuslight.com/led-market-phasing-in_N239.html

Invention
Innovations
 Define
Improve problem
& goal

Create and test Research

prototype

Imagine
Choose a Possible
solution solutions

Click on a “slice” of the Engineering Design Process cycle to learn more about its parts
 Define problem and goal
• Identify and describe
the issue and the
ultimate objective

• Consider:
• What do you want to accomplish?
• What are the requirements?
• Are there any limitations?
• Who is the customer?
 Research
• Gather information and investigate existing
technologies related to the problem
• Talk to individuals who share this problem and could
benefit from possible solutions

Image taken from: http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/facilities/us.archives.html

 Imagine possible solutions
• Brainstorm ideas.
• Be creative and build upon the ideas of others.
• Explore and compare many possible designs within
your group.
• Be open-minded!

Image taken from:

http://www.vinylrecords.ch/J/JO/John/John_Lennon/imagine-capitol/john-lennon-imagine.html
 Choose a solution
• What materials and tools are needed?
• Consider environmental, cultural, time, and financial
issues and constraints.
• Select the most feasible idea and assign team tasks.

Image taken from: http://chelseagetsmarried.blogspot.com/2010/10/eeny-meeny-miny-moe.html

$$$

Image taken from: http://andrewmatre.com/how-colors-help-make-websites-successful/

 Create & test prototype
• Build a protoype
• Protoype - an operating version of a solution. It is often made
with different materials (cheaper and easier to work with) than
the final version. They allow you to test your solution and supply
feedback. (2)
• Push yourself and the group for creativity, imagination, and
excellence in design.

(2)http://www.sciencebuddies.org/engineering-design-process/engineering-design-prototypes.shtml
 Improve
• Share results and continue
to seek how your team could
make the solution better.
• Iterate your design to make
the product the best it can Image taken from:
http://www.rubymarketer.com/improve-search-engine-ranking/

be.
• Iterate - to repeat an
already completed task to
incorporate new information (3)

(3) Ulrich K., Eppinger S. 2000. Product Design and Development. 2nd Edition. Irwin
McGraw-Hill, Boston.
ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROLS
 Administrative controls
are changes in the work
schedule or operation that
reduce a miner’s noise exposure
by limiting the amount of time
that the miner is exposed to
noise
 The noise standard requires
the use of all feasible engineering
and administrative controls to
reduce a miner’s noise exposure to
the permissible exposure level, or to
as low a level as is possible
These controls may be
used separately or in
combination
MSHA’S NOISE POLICY STATES
THAT THE AGENCY’S POLICY
ON LABOR / MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENTS WILL NOT BE
AFFECTED BY THE NOISE
STANDARD
 MSHA POLICY
Will not require an operator
to hire additional miners
in order to “exhaust”
all feasible
Administrative Controls
 When setting up
Administrative Controls
a time resolved noise dosimeter
should be used along with a time
motion study on the affected miner
 Table of Permissible Noise
Duration per day (hrs)
Exposures
Noise level (dBA)
8 90
4 95
2 100
1 105
½ 110
¼ 115
 Ways to control
noise exposure
administratively without
modifying the noise
Changing Work Practices
Switch / rotate miners from high-
to low-noise exposure
jobs or occupations

Limit the duration of noisy tasks

Change Production Schedule
Schedule machine operating
times so as to reduce the
number of miners exposed
to noise
 Administrative Controls
can include:
• Restricting access to high-noise areas
• Using remote sensing and monitoring
• Designating low-noise walkways
• Prohibiting congregation in high-noise areas
• Scheduling work tasks during down periods
• Taking breaks in quiet areas
IE 002 – Safety Management

PREVENTION AND
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
| What is prevention? | PPE 101 |

Micaela Ann Pangilinan

BS EE

Technological Institute of the Philippines

| What is prevention? |

PREVENTION AND
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 PREVENTION

“the action of stopping

something from happening or
arising”

PREVENTION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
 HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Effective controls:
• protect workers from workplace
hazards;
• help avoid injuries, illnesses, and
incidents;
• minimize or eliminate safety and
health risks; and
• help employers provide workers with
safe and healthful working conditions
PREVENTION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Introduction
 HIERARCHY OF HAZARD CONTROL

PREVENTION AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
| PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT 101 |

PREVENTION AND
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
BASIC DEFINITION

Personal protective equipment,

commonly referred to as "PPE", is
equipment worn to minimize
exposure to hazards that cause
serious workplace injuries and
illnesses.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
 THE 5 OSHA WORKPLACE HAZARDS
GENERALLY,
1. safety hazards
2. biological hazards
3. physical hazards
4. ergonomic hazards
5. chemical/dust hazards

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
Personal protective equipment may include items such as:

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
PPE vs SPECIFIC HAZARDS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Introduction
IE 002 – Safety Management

PREVENTION AND
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
| What is prevention? | PPE 101 |

Micaela Ann Pangilinan

BS EE

Technological Institute of the Philippines