SUICIDAL IDEATION

Instructor:
Dr. Braj Bhushan

Group-4 Members: Credit

12355 Khushboo Yadaav 24.65
13604 Sakshi Choukse 25.35
13622 Sapna Meena 25.39
13669 Shreya Shukla 24.61
SUICIDE IDEATION
 Suicidal ideations are thoughts about killing oneself.
 The range of suicidal ideation varies greatly from fleeting thoughts, to extensive
thoughts, to detailed planning, role playing and incomplete attempts, which may
be deliberately constructed to not complete or to be discovered, or may be fully
intended to result in death, but the individual survives.

 The majority of people

Parasuicides
who experience suicidal
ideation do not carry it
through.
 Parasuicide is a non- Suicidal
fatal act in which a Ideators
person deliberately
causes injury to him or
herself regardless of Suicides
suicidal intent.
 SUICIDE IDEATION IN INDIA
 India accounted for the highest estimated number of suicides in the world in 2012,
according to a WHO report. About 1 lakh people die by suicide and 6 lakhs people
become survivors in India every year.
 In most of the places, females attempt suicide much more frequently than males do
(especially the are women between 25 and 44 years of age), but males are more likely
to die from suicide. In India, the suicide rate male female ratio has been stable at
1.4:1.
 High rates of suicides thus suggest high rate of suicidal ideation.
 Stigma and discrimination because of mental illness, lower literacy and awareness
levels and poor reporting system are major obstacles in estimating suicidal ideation in
India.
 Many patients with psychiatric disorders are seen by family physicians and other
primary care practitioners rather than by psychiatrists. Therefore, most of the people
don’t report suicidal ideation unless they survive their attempts of suicide.
 India currently has only about 3500 psychiatrists (There must be at least a three folds
increase in strength to help a growing tribe of people suffering from stress related
disorders which might lead to suicidal ideations)
 APPRAISAL OF SUICIDAL THOUGHTS
 1) If there is goal relevance, then any emotion is possible.
 2) If there is goal incongruence, then only negative emotions
are possible, including suicidal thoughts.
 3) If the type of ego-involvement is to manage a failure to live
up to an ego-ideal, threat to ego identity.

 4) If blame is to oneself, then the possible emotions narrow to

suicidal thought.
 5) Coping potential is favourable,thought can be overcome by
crying it out,talking it out(women generally),emotional
insulation, suffering hero fantasy(men).
 6) If future expection is negative then sucidal attempt may
take place.
 RISK FACTORS
 suicidal desire is caused by the simultaneous presence of two
interpersonal constructs—thwarted belongingness and
perceived burdensomeness—and further, that the
capability to engage in suicidal behavior is separate from the
desire to engage in suicidal behavior

 First, although depression is clearly a risk factor for suicide

ideation, Second, in the present study, a lack of social
support was a prominent risk factor for suicide ideation.
Third, consistent with prior evidence parent-child
relationships were a particularly important correlate of
suicide ideation.
 The risk factors for suicidal ideation can be divided into 3
categories: psychiatric disorders, life events, and family
history.
 Psychiatric disorders
There are several psychiatric disorders that appear to be comorbid
with suicidal ideation or considerably increase the risk of suicidal
ideation. bipolar disorder, suicide borderline personality disorder,
schizophrenia, adult substance use disorders( drug and alcohol abuse),
hypothesizing that the intoxicating effects of drug use might lead to
impairments in judgment or changes in mood which then increase risk
for suicide ideation and attempt Additional alcohol-specific effects
have been implicated in suicidal behavior include disinhibition and
emotional problems such as dysphoria, impulsivity, and aggression
and also affective dysregulation. Affective dysregulation is marked by
an inability to regulate emotions appropriately and susceptibility to
irritability and negative affect.
 Life events are strong predictors of increased risk for suicidal
ideation.
 Alcohol abuse
 Some prescription drugs, such as selective serotonin re-uptake
inhibitors, can have suicidal ideation as a side effect.
 unemployment
 Social isolation
 Adolescence: physical and sexual abuse

 Family Conflict: Conflict in parent-child relationships and a

number of other family-level constructs are associated with suicide
ideation. Reinherz et al. (1995) reported that problematic family
functioning during childhood predicted suicide ideation in young
adulthood.
 Indices of family conflict are robust risk factors for lethal suicidal
behavior across the lifespan, domestic violence, familial stress, and
perceptions that one is a burden on family.
 Family history: Parents with a history of depression, suicide
history in family especially of a young person.
 Adolescence/Childhood: physical and sexual abuse
 HOW THEY CARRY THEIR STRESS
 How women deal with it
 Women are more likely than
men (28 percent vs. 20 percent)
to report
 having a great deal of stress.
 Women are more likely to
report physical and emotional
symptoms of stress than men,
such as having had a headache
(41 percent vs. 30 percent),
having felt as though they
could cry (44 percent vs. 15
percent)(given the fact that
cultural norms in India do not
promote crying of men or
sharing their feelings either,
and women are more social
then their male counterparts)
 How the men deal with it
 Men are more likely than women to say
they play sports (16 percent vs. 4
percent) and listen to music (52 percent
vs. 47 percent) as a way of managing
stress. They are also more likely than
women to say they do nothing to
manage their stress (9 percent vs. 4
percent).(That is perhaps because
sports is assumed to be an activity for
men- and also the fact that men tend to
show themselves as emotionally
distant, so they prefer not to talk it
out)
 They are more likely to seek support
from abstract things like music and
movies rather than seeking emotional
support from other people.
Social isolation is one of the key factors-for men in mid-life, loneliness is recognised
as a very significant cause of their high risk of suicide, and there is a need to help
men to strengthen their social relationships.

Men are, on the whole, more likely to be impulsive than women. Perhaps this leaves
them vulnerable to rash, spur-of-the-moment suicidal behaviour and its
manifestation.

Even in their choice of suicide method, males and females act out culturally
prescribed gender roles. Thus women will opt for methods that preserve their
appearance, and avoid those that cause facial disfigurement. This is perhaps the
key reason why women tend to involve more in suicide ideation than take the
extreme step.

Another interesting finding is that while divorce and separation are linked to suicide
risk in both sexes, divorced/separated men seem particularly vulnerable to
suicidal “ideation” (thoughts and planning) and to suicide itself. This may make
sense, since it’s been shown that men derive more mental and physical health
benefits from marriage than do women (although it’s good for both sexes) – so the
breakdown of a marriage could lead to more detrimental outcomes for men
.
COPING METHODS
Women
 Talk it out , cry it out
 Fantasy ( Suffering
hero fantasy )
 Dreams ,Nightmares
 less lethal means is
used if even attempted
suicide .
Men
 Emotional insulation
(not able to disclose ones
emotions due
to social stigma that
man need to be strong ).
 Fantasy (Suffering hero
fantasy )
 Dreams , Nightmares
 More lethal means to
attempt suicide .
 Talaash -

When the parents lost their child , it seems that

mother was in severe depression and father
seems to be a bit hard hearted and strong. But
the case was just opposite. Father was more
affected by the event and suffered severe
delusion (mental disorder) and being an police
officer carried a social stigma to be strong .So
emotion of guilt piled up leading to mental
disorder.
CONCLUSION
. Male suicides outnumber female suicides worldwide, yet far more
females than males are engaging in ultimately non-lethal suicidal
behavior. Studies suggest that women may be more likely to
experience many risk factors that increase—or indicate the presence
of—thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, including
major depression (i.e., females are approximately twice as likely as
males to suffer from Major depression. In addition, data indicate that
women rank helping others, having a close family, and being loved by
loved ones significantly higher than do men as sources of happiness ,
suggesting that when these potential sources of happiness are absent,
women are particularly likely to perceive thwarted belongingness and
high burdensomeness, and thus suffer greater emotional pain than
men in the same situations. However, because females on the whole
have fewer experiences that inure them to fear of self-injury (e.g.,
exposure to guns, physical fights, violent sports, etc.), and because
they have lower pain and fear tolerance than males , they may be less
able to develop the acquired capability for suicidal behavior than are
males. Therefore, although women may be more likely than males to
desire suicide, they are less likely to die by suicide.
REFERENCES-

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC31
46189/
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC31
30348/
 http://www.forbes.com/…/the-gender-inequality-
of-suicide-w…/
 http://www.webmd.com/women/features/stress-
women-men-cope…