Spray dryer

By aaronequipment.com

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OBJECTIVE

• Study spray dryers

• Spray drying operation

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 What does a spray dryer do?
• Process solutions, suspensions, or materials
in a slurry state, suspending sprayed liquid
particles and moisture removal by hot air
• Used to dry materials such as commonly
used for powder production of some
products such as milk, coffee, tea, egg,
enzymes,protein, fruits and vegetables
extracts,

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How Does it work?

•A spray dryer uses the spray

method to transform the material
into fog droplets in order to be
dispersed into the hot gas stream.

•The material connects with the

hot air in a cocurrent,
countercurrent, or mixed flow
manner so that the water can
evaporate quickly to achieve the
drying effect.

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Industries using spray dryers

•Chemical Industry

•Petroleum Industry

•Mining Industry

•preparation and processing of

medicinal and food
microcapsules(recent)

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Advantages of Spray Drying
• (need for reduction in weight and volume of food
products)
• The droplets are small, giving a large surface area for heat and
mass transfer so that evaporation is very rapid(Rapid Drying)
• manufacture of products with desirable size and density
can be referred
• For drying heat sensitive or oxidized materials without
degradation.
• full automatic control system
• It can be designed for drying under sterile conditions.
• continuous operation
• reduced corrosion problems

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Advantages of Spray Drying
• The dried powder will have a uniform particle
size and shape.
• Because of good flow properties, the spray-
dried powder can be easily compressed into
the form of tablets.
• It is useful in the coating and encapsulation of
both solids and liquids.
• Labor cost is low since the material is dried in
a single operation with no handling.

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Disadvantages
• Solid materials cannot be
dried.
• costly and bulky.
• cleaning is time
consuming.
• There is a lot of heat
wasted.

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Applications
•for the drying of liquid materials like emulsion,
suspension, solution, slurries, thin pastes, etc.

•to dry materials that are sensitive to heat or

oxidation without degrading them, even when
high temperature air is employed.

•The liquid feed is dispersed into droplets, which

are dried in seconds because of their high
surface area and intimate contact with the
drying gas.
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Applications
•The product is kept cool by the vaporization of the enveloping liquid,
and the dried product is kept from overheating by rapid removal from
the drying zone.

•The improvement in flow and reduction of air entrapment make the

spray-dried material suitable for use in the manufacturing of tablets and
capsules.

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Experimental set-up

• Drying chamber
• Atomizer with a
compressor
• Air Blower
• Air heater
• Cyclone separator
• Pressure gauge
• Temperature gauge
• Milk-collector bottle
• Thermometer
• Weighing scale
• Stop watch

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 Process Flow Diagram
Air

Blower
Electric Heater
Hot Air Temperature
=150○C
Milk Solution
50.0 g Powder
Pressurized Air=20 psig 950g Water

Air Air + Water Vapor

Cyclone
Separator
Temperature=
55○C

Milk Powder www.company.com

Process Block Diagram

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 Procedure
• 50g powdered milk was taken by weighing and mixed with 950ml of water to make a 1000g
solution of powdered milk.

• The dryer was allowed for running for about several minutes while turning the hot air blower
on and adjusting the heater .

• Then the solution was fed to the drying chamber for a fixed atomizing air pressure of 20 psi

• A nozzle atomizer atomized the solution into a spray of droplets.The nozzle had three
compressed air hole and one milk hole.

• The heat transfer medium was hot air.Atmosphirical air was passed into the drying
chamber from top and heated by a heater.

• The droplets dried coming in contact with the hot air and due to high pressure in the

• chamber was pressed towards the cyclone separator,where powdered mik accumulated in
the jar due to gravity and hot air got away through the pipe exit.

• The amount powdered milk in the jar was measured then.

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 4. Observed Data
• Working pressure P = 20 psi
• Total time required for drying, t = 38.0 min.
• Weight of milk powder, Mp = 50.0 gm
• Weight of water Mw = 950gm
• Weight of empty beaker, m1 = 561.5 gm
• Weight of beaker with recovered milk, m2 = 575.0
gm
Observed data for temperature of air
Temperature of air Initial Temperature Final Temperature

Inside the chamber 150○C 150○C

Outside the chamber 72○C 55○C

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 Data Calculation And Result

• Weight of liquid milk, M = Weight of milk powder (Mp) + Weight of water (MW)
=(50.0 + 950.0) gm
=1000.0 gm
• Weight of recovered milk, m = Weight of beaker with recovered milk (m2) –
Weight of empty beaker (m1)
= (575.0-561.5)g
=13.5g
• Percentage of powder milk recovered =27%
• Drying rate= 26 g/min

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 Conclusions

• In this experiment our main objective was to study

spray dryer, spray drying technique, the mechanism
of spray drying, working principle of spray dryer, how
spray dryer can be operated.
• Advantages and disadvantages of spray dryer over
other types of dryer has been known.
• Factors influencing the performance of spray dryers
has been known.(include temperature, moisture content,inlet air flow
rate, the amount of solid materials, viscosity and surface tension of the
processed material,type of atomizer and its related parameters such as velocity
and diameter of the atomize)

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Thank You

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