MEMBERS

Alarcón Pérez Henry

Huancas Torres Cristopher
Medina Concha Harly
Placencia Encajima Jhoselyne
Santillán Rojas Mario
Tarrillo Ventura Robert
Vásquez Vargas Yacely
The vision is the ability to interpret the
environment thanks to the rays of light
that reach the eye. It is one of the main
sensory capabilities of humans and
many other animals.

It is possible thanks to a receiving

organ, the eye, which receives the
luminous impressions and transforms
them into electrical signals that it
transmits to the brain through the
optical pathways.
 It is protected by the
The eye is an pair organ eyelids and by the
located in the orbital cavity. secretion of the lacrimal
gland.

It can move in all The essential property

directions thanks to the that makes vision
extrinsic muscles of the possible is
eyeball. photosensitivity.
 Is the clear, thin membrane that covers part of the
front surface of the eye and the inner surface of the
eyelids.

FUNCTIONS:
• Keep the front surface of the eye lubricated.
• Keep the inner surface of the eyelids lubricated so
they open and close easily.
• Protect the eye from dust and infection-causing
microorganisms.

is the dense connective tissue of the

eyeball that forms the "white" of the eye.

• The sclera, along with the intraocular pressure of the

eye, maintains the shape of the eyeball.
• The tough, fibrous nature of the sclera protects the eye
from serious damage
• Also provides attachment for the extraocular muscles
that control the movement of the eyes.
The cornea is the clear front surface of the eye. It lies directly
in front of the iris and pupil, and it allows light to enter the eye

The corneal epithelium

Bowman's layer
The cornea has five layers: FUNCTIONS:
The corneal stroma • The clear cornea allows light to enter the eye for
vision
Descemet's membrane
• the cornea provides approximately 65 to 75 percent
The corneal endothelium. of the focusing power of the eye

• Also it helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs,

dust, and other harmful matter.
• The anterior chamber of the eye
refers to a small pocket of fluid
that lies between the cornea and
the iris. This fluid is “aqueous
humor” a watery solution that
helps the cornea and pupil to
focus light.
• The aqueous humor helps the eye
to form an image by refracting
light at a constant rate.
• The aqueous humor is made from
blood plasma, using a special
filtering process that removes
proteins and other impurities that
may cloud vision.
• The posterior chamber
refers to the aqueous
fluid-filled chamber
behind the iris and
pupil. The posterior
chamber sits between
the iris and the lens,
which completes the
job of focusing light.
 Is the clear liquid inside the front part of the eye.
Produced by the eye.

Functions:

• It nourishes the eye and

keeps it inflated.
• Keeps the intraocular
pressure.
• Refracts light at a
constant rate.

Imbalances in the creation and

drainage of aqueous humor
can lead to high intraocular
pressure, the of can provoke a
glaucoma and damage vision.
 The vitreous humor fills the space between the crystalline and the retina.

Formed by: Vitreous cortex

• A matrix of collagen fibers. Anterior Posterior

• Hyaluronan gel.
In contact with the Adheres in varying
crystalline. degrees to the surface
of the retina.

The jelly-like thickness of the vitreous humor

helps the eye to retain its round shape, this
shape is essential for vision.
Eyes that have “elongated” or “squashed”
shapes are the causes of nearsightedness and
farsightedness.
 The iris is the colored ring around the pupil.
Different people have different amounts of
pigment in their iris, resulting in eye colors ranging
from blacks to very pale blues and greens.

The iris has a sphincter muscle,

which allows it to expand or
contract, making the pupil
larger or smaller. This is
important for controlling the
amount of light our eyes
receive.
The pupil is the opening to the inner chamber of
the eye. Pupils appear black because light passes
through them and does not return. The pupil, then,
is our actual “window to the world.”

Once it has passed through the pupil, light is

focused by the lens. It then travels through
the rest of the eyeball to the retina, which lies
at the back of the eye. The retina turns the
light into signals our brain can understand.
• Crystalline lens is known as the
lens of the human.
• Muscles associated with the
inner wall of the ocular bulb are
inserted through its
circumference, which allows it
to maintain visual acuity.
• The contraction of the ciliary
muscle also has an effect on the
lens, accommodating it for near
vision.
• Tissue sensitive to light located on the inner
surface of the eye. It is similar to a canvas
where the images are projected

They are specialized to work

with high luminosity and thanks to them
we perceive the colors. There are three
types of cones: sensitive to red light, blue
light and green light.

They work in low light

conditions and are able to activate with
the energy of a single photon, so they are
very good at distinguishing shapes and
contrasts.
1. Light reflects off the object we are looking at.

2. Light rays enter the eye through the cornea at the

front of the eye.

3. The light passes through a watery fluid , and enters the pupil
to reach the lens.

4. The lens can change in thickness to bend the light, which will
focus it onto the retina at the back of the eye.

5. On the way to the retina, the light passes through a thick,

clear fluid called a vitreous humor.
 6. The vitreous humor fills the eyeball and helps maintain
its round shape.

7. The light then reaches the back of the eye and hits the retina.

8. The retina translates the light into electrical impulses

which are then carried to the brain by the optic nerve.

9. Finally, the visual cortex of the brain interprets these

impulses as what we see.
1. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/aqueous-humor
2. https://biologydictionary.net/eyes/?fbclid=IwAR0lp3U-0mXrdtErYkYzaSKC8yJGzwEpT0YI6K-
IoeRRvrDm_oKlb1tmggc#vitreous-humor
3. https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/article?contentid=1941&language=English&fbclid=IwAR0Vjic1u
hxgrAp6hksutXrrNhtx7P_tVydQ6oOKFe5-m4vniaoFJcYTY0M
4. https://www.brainline.org/article/vision-our-dominant-sense?fbclid=IwAR2rvLE-
Iv0kkRpUZZFYCDSfkCU0y9xi_49LgW3f-MByMGoybXXB68TKGjU
5. http://udel.edu/~spfefer/art307/project3/vision.html?fbclid=IwAR1TrUn2MnjEw6pJilB7FPR2oJD
F5w8VIEUptSvO-KpkPH-NEpP_-npDrcM