THERMAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC TESTING

PRESENTED BY :-
-
NEERAJ SAHU

BE – 5th SEN PLASTIC ENGINEERING

Roll number -160520123032

 THERMAL PROPERTIES

. Plays a vital role in evaluating the product performance s

processibilty characteristic in polymer.

. Thermal analtiycal methods monitor differences in some

sample property as the temperatur increase, or differences in
temperature betweeen a sample and a standard as a function
of added heat. Thease methods are usually appliaed to solids
to characterize the materials.
 THERMAL PROPERTIES
. Heat Deflection Temperature ( HDT)
. Vicat Softening point (VSP)
. Thermal Endurance
. Thermal Conductivity
. Thermal Expansion
. Low Temperature Brittleness
. Flammability
. Melting Point, Tm and Glass Transition, Tg (DSC)
. Thermomechanical Analysis
 Heat Deflection Temperature
as the temperature at which a standard test bar (5 x ½ x ¼ inch )
deflects 0.010 inch under a stated load of either 66 or 264 psi
when heated at the rate system .

Significance
HDT Values are used to compare the elevated temperature
performanc of the materials under load at the stated
conditions .
 Test Methods, Specimen & Conditioning

. ASTM D648 ,ISO 75-1 and 75-2

. 127mm (5in.) in length 13mm (1/2 inch) in

depth by any width from 3mm (0.118 inch)
to 13mm (1/2 inch) are taken for
determination of HDT.

. The test specimens should be conditioned at 2+-2c

(73.4+3.6F) and 50 +5% relative humidity for than 40hrs
prior to test
 Apparatus

. Specimen supports:- Metal Supports for the

specimen of 100 +_2mm .

. Immersion bath

. Deflection Measurement device

. Weight: 0.455Mpa (66psi)+_2.5% or

1.82Mpa (264psi) +_2.5% .

. Temperature measurement system .

 Procedure

. Measure the width aof specimen dn depth

. Position the test specimen edgewise in the apparatus.
. Position the thermometer bulb sensitive part of the
temperature.
. Stir the liquid –heat transfer medium thorough .
. Adjust the load to obtain desired stress of 0.455 Mpa
(66psi) or 1.82 Mpa (264 Psi).

. Five minutes after applying the load, adjust the

deflection measurement device to zero or
record its starting position.
 Calculation

The weight weight of the rod used to transfer the force on the test
specimen is included as part of the total load. The load (p) is calculated
as :-

P = 2Sbd /3L

Where,
S = Max. Fiber stress in the specimen of
66Psi /264 psi
b = Width of specimen
d = depth of specimen
L = Width of span between support (4 in)
 Result & Conclusion

. A bar of rectangular cross section is tested in the

edgewise position as a simple beam.
. Load applied at the center give maximum fiber stresseto s of
66/264 psi.
. The specimen is immersed under load in a heat – transfer
medium provided with a means of raising the temperture at
2+_ 0 c/min.
. The temperature of the medium is measured when the test bar
has deflected 0.25mm (0.010in).
. This temperature is recorded as the deflection temperature
under flexural load of the test specimen .
 Vicat Softening Point (VSP)
Defined as the temperature at which a flat ended probe
with 1 mm cross section penetrates a plastic specimen to
0.04 inch (1mm) depth.

Significance:-

. Data obtained by this test method may be used to

compare the heat softening qualities of thermoplastic
materials.

. This test method is useful in the areas of quality control,

development and characterization of plastic materials.
Test Method, Specimen & Conditioning
Test Method:-
. ASTM 1525 or ISO 306
Test Specimens:-
. The specimen shall be flat, between 3and 6.5
mm thick and at least 10 by 10mm in area or 10
mm in diameter.
Conditioning:-
. 23+_2c and at 50+_5%relative humidity of not
less than 40 hrs .
Apparatus

. Immerision bath .

. Heat-transfer Medium .
. Peraettion-measuring
device masses:10+_0.2N or
50+_1.0N .
. Temp. Measuring device

. Needle
 Procedure
. Prepare the immersion bath so that the temperature of the heat transfer
medium is between 20c and 23c at the start of the test.

. Place thespecimen,which is at room temperature ,on the specimen support.

. The needle should not be nearer than 3mm to the edge of the specimen.
. Gently lower the needle rod, whithout the extra mass so that the sensing
needle rests on the surface of the specimen and hold it in position.
. Position the temperature –measuring device so that the sfensing end is
located with in 10mm from where the load is appalid to the surface of the
specimen.
. Lower the assembly into the bath and apply the extra mass required to
incrase the load on the specimen to 10+_0.2N.
. After a 5-min waiting period, set the penetration indicator to zero.

. Start the temperae rise

. Record the temperature of the bath when the needle has penetrated 1 +_0.1
mm into the test specimen.
 RESULT & CONCLUSION
. Vicat softing temperature is expressed as the
arithmetic means of the temerature of pentration of
all specimen tested.

. If the range of penetration temperature for the

individual test specimen exceeds 2 C record the
individual result and repeat the test using at least
two new specimens .
 TORSION PENDULUM TEST
. The torsion pendulum test determines shear
modulus and mechanical power- factor over a
wide range of temperature.
. In this test an attached flywheel torsionally
deform a specimens which is allowed to oscillate
in a free vibration.
. The shear modulus calculated from the resulted
oscillation frequency and ten $ an indicator of
vibration damping due to energy losses .
 SIGNIFICANCE
. Determine the effect of elevated temeratur on
dynamic mechanical properties of plastic.
. Provides an indication of a materials upper use
temperature limit for short-term exposure and
degradation phenomenon in polymeric aterilm
. Gives a quantitative idea on glass transition
temperature and crystalline melting point of
polymers .
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