CAUSALITY

THEORY
Maria Vina D. Abaa
Presenter
 CAUSE

-from the Latin word “causa”

-a term that is correlative to the
word EFFECT
• Causality describes a relationship that
exists between two or more things where a
change in one thing causes a change in
another.

A B
• The essence of causality is a phenomenon being
dependent on some other effect.
• As such causality is a connection or linkage
between states or events through which one
thing – the cause – under certain conditions
gives rise to or causes something else – the
effect.
cause effect
cause effect
 Types of Measurement

-often differ from one assessor to the

next even if the same quantity or
quality is being measured.
Measurement can therefore be

OBJECTIVE or SUBJECTIVE.

-are measurements that do not depend

on the person or individual taking the
measurement.
 The underlying principle in educational measurement is summarized by the
following formula:

1
Measurement of Quantity or Quality of Interest = True Value Plus
Random Error

2
Measuring Indicators, Variables and Factors
 What is Assessment?
• The term assessment is derived
from the Latin assidere which
means “to sit beside” (Wiggins,
1993)
• It is the process of gathering data
and collecting data of student’s
learning

1 Test

Non-test
2
 TEST NON-TEST

ASSIGNMENT
PERFORMANCE TEST PROJECTS
ORAL PORTFOLIOS
WRITTEN ANECDOTAL REPORTS
Various Approaches: Assessment FOR, OF, and AS learning

2
 Assessment OF
• is usually given at the end of the unit ,
grading period or a term like a semester.

Example:
Summative Test
 Assessment FOR
• Teachers use this assessment results to
inform or adjust their teaching

Example:
Formative Test
 Assessment AS
• Learning is associated with self-assessment

Example:
Making of Essays
 What is Evaluation?
1
It is the process of making
judgements of student’s learning

It originates from the root

word ”value”
Two Broad Categories:

• Formative Evaluation- judging the worth of a program while the program activities
are in progress.

• Summative Evaluation- judging the worth of a program at the end of the activities.
Thank you for listening!

Questions?

Maria Vina D. Abaa

Presenter