BREEDS OF CHICKEN

INTRODUCTION

Chickens are grown for their egg and meat.

Likewise they are classified as egg-type chicken
and meat-types chickens. Egg type chickens are
composed of stock that has been developed for
egg production and are maintained for the
principal purpose of producing chicks for the
ultimate production of eggs for human
consumption. Breeds of meat type chickens
primarily include broilers, fryers, roasters and other
meat type chickens. Here, broilers and other
chickens are raised for their meat. Broilers are
genetically selected for fast growth and raised for
meat rather than eggs.
COLORED LAYERS: ARAUCANA - AMERAUCANA - CREAM LEGBAR - EASTER EGGER - ISBAR -
OLIVE EGGER - WHITING TRUE BLUE

Araucana
Araucanas originated in Chile. It is speculated that this breed was
developed prior to Old World contact, which would make them the only
breed of chicken native to the Americas.
Araucanas are very rare in the United States. They are rumpless,
meaning they have no tail feathers, and have ear tufts. They do not have
beards or muffs (like an Ameraucana). Their rarity is likely due to the fact
that the gene for ear tufts is a lethal gene. Offspring with 2 copies of the
gene will not survive to hatch. When breeding Araucanas, 50% of chicks
will have one copy of the gene (and ear tufts), 25% will have zero copies
(and no tufts), and 25% will have two copies of the gene (and not survive).

Ameraucana
Ameraucanas were developed in the United States in the 1960s and
1970s. They are descended from Araucanas brought from Chile (a breed
we'll talk about next week!). Ameracaunas lay pale blue eggs. So, if
you're looking to brighten up your egg basket, they make a great choice!
They have a pea comb, white skin, slate or black legs, muffs and beards.
Color varieties include black, blue, buff, silver, wheaten, or white.
Hens can be fairly broody, and will lay about 250 blue eggs per
year.
 Cream Legbar
The Cream Legbar was developed in Britain in the 1930s. Geneticists at
Cambridge University had the goal of creating a chicken with high egg production and
autosexing traits. Autosexing traits are distinct differences between males and females
that are visible on the day chicks hatch. That means you know hens from roosters on
day one and don’t have to wait 12 weeks to find out, which is pretty handy!
Female chicks have a dark brown stripe. Male chicks have a less distinct, lighter
brown stripe.
Legbar plumage is cream and silver grey. Both hens and roosters have a small
crest that slopes back and well away from their eyes. Birds are medium sized, active
foragers, and do best in free-range conditions. Hens lay 160-200 eggs per year that are
sky-blue or pale green in color, and they rarely go broody.
While this breed has existed for almost a century and is a favorite world-wide, it
is only recently that Legbars have been brought to the U.S.

Easter Egger
A relative of Ameraucanas and Araucanas, an Easter Egger is any chicken that
possesses the blue egg gene, but doesn't fully meet any breed standard defined by the
American Poultry Association. This means that they are a hybrid, not a true breed of
chicken. They can be any mix of breeds, with one parent carrying the blue egg gene.
What makes EE's great is that they can lay a rainbow of egg colors! Hens can
lay any hue of blue or brown, or combination of the two (check out Olive Eggers!).
Please note that each hen will only lay one egg color in her lifetime. They are also bred
to lay lots of eggs! You'll get somewhere in the range of 280 eggs per year.
Easter eggers are a very popular type of chicken, and can be found in just about
any feed store that sells chicks. They may be labeled as Americana, but remember we
already talked about how they are not true Ameraucanas. EE's are a great addition to
any backyard flock
 Isbar
The Isbar (pronounced “ice-bar”) is a rare breed that was developed in
the 1950s in Sweden. Catholic monk Martin Silverudd had the goal to create
autosexing breeds that lay a high volume of unusually colored eggs. Those 3
qualities all in one bird? That’s a tall order!
His greatest achievement was the Isbar. It is beautiful, practical, and
unique. Isbars are the only single-combed breed to lay green eggs. They are
cold-hardy and good foragers, and are alert to predators but friendly to people,
making them great free-range birds. Hens lay about 200 eggs per year that are
varying shades of green, and sometimes speckled brown. Isbar eggs are quite
the conversation piece, even a work of art!
Roosters have deep blue body feathers and shimmering metallic hackles.
Hens are equally beautiful with their blue feathers. Splash patterns are also
common in the breed, adding variety to their appearance.

Olive Egger
Olive Eggers are a hybrid chicken that are the result of crossing a
bird hatched from a Dark Brown Egg and a bird hatched from a Blue
Egg.
Olive Eggers can be a really fun breed to raise! The exact shade of
green in their eggs and also their appearance is highly variable and
changes based on the breed of parents. Try experimenting with a
combination of different breeds! These birds are hardy, curious, and
active and are a great addition to any backyard flock!
 Whiting True Blue
The Whiting True Blue is not a heritage breed, but a modern
breed developed by poultry geneticist Dr. Tom Whiting. His goal
in creating this breed was a production bird that lays a consistent
blue egg. Their plumage will vary across a myriad of colors, but
is most commonly "chipmunk" or grey. If you're a fan of a blue
egg basket, this breed may be for you!

WHITE LAYERS: 55 FLOWERY HEN - ANCONA -

ANDALUSIAN - BRAKEL - CINNAMON QUEEN - FRIESAN -
GOURNEY - HAMBURG - HOLLAND - LEGHORN - MINORCA

55 Flowery Hen
Another creation of Father Martin Silverudd! Developed in
1955 in Sweden, the 55 Flower Hen is actually Silverudd’s first
and most successful invented breed. These birds possess all the
qualities Silverudd was after: an autosexing breed that produces
eggs in commercial quantities. Hens lay large and round shaped
cream-colored eggs.
As a day-old chick, the males are easy to distinguish by the
blonde down on the backs of their heads. As adults, the males are
largely white while the females are decorated with a beautiful
spotted pattern – the ‘flowers’ that contribute to the breed name.
 Ancona
Ancona chickens originated in Italy and are named after the
capitol of the Marche region. Anconas were developed in to their
present form in England in the 19th century. They were bred to
have very consistent plumage. About 1 out of every 3 beetle black
feathers has a V-shaped white tip on the end.
Hens are good layers of white eggs and lay about 220 per
year. This breed is typical in personality of Mediterranean breeds:
rustic, lively, hardy, and ranging.

Andalusian
Andalusian chickens are indigenous to Spain. Also called
Blue Andalusians, they commonly have slate-blue colored plumage,
but depending upon genetics, they can also be off-white or even
black. Like other Mediterranean breeds, they have white earlobes.
Their light body shape and their large pointed combs make them
well-suited for warmer climates.
Andalusians are very active foragers, so think twice if you
keep your poultry in a coop and run. They do not do well in
confinement, and thrive in a free-range environment. Hens lay
about 165 white eggs per year.
 Brakel
The Brakel’s history dates back to 1416. They were developed in the Flanders
region spanning across northern France, Belgium, and Holland. These birds were a
staple on small farms in the area and were bred as a dual-purpose breed with
excellent egg production and good table quality. Hens lay about 180 - 200 eggs per
year, which are quite large relative to their medium body size.
Brakels are a hardy and active breed. They are good fliers, alert for predators,
and excellent foragers. This makes them well adapted for free-ranging flocks.
After both World Wars, the Brakel’s population declined drastically. In the
1960s, the breed was all but extinct. In 1971, recovery efforts began. The only
remaining birds were 2 hens, 2 roosters, and a dozen eggs. Remarkably from this
small group, the breed was revived!
The Brakel is very similar to the Campine. In fact, the two were considered the
same breed until 1884, when they were distinguished as separate breeds. They are
either silver of gold in color, with solid colored necks and banded body feathers.
They have a tall, bright red comb.

Cinnamon Queen
The Cinnamon Queen is a modern day production breed that lays brown eggs.
They are a cross between a Rhode Island Red rooster and a Rhode Island White hen.
At hatching, cockerels are a different color than the pullets so you can be sure of
what you are getting—no surprise roosters! They are also known as Golden Comets.
Cinnamon Queens were developed specifically for their prolific egg laying
ability. Pullets will lay 250-300 eggs per year and start much sooner than heritage
breeds. These girls are a
perfect fit if you're looking to start a small egg farm or just want a ton of
eggs!
 Friesan
The Friesan is an ancient chicken breed, over 1,000 years old, from
the isolated region of the northern coast of the Netherlands. These birds are
small in size, and have more flying ability than larger chickens. They
appear in many color varieties including gold, silver, and chamois penciled
in their native region, but in limited varieties in the United States.
The breed has been kept fairly wild. Young birds are quick to feather
and quick to mature. They are flighty, not docile, but do not go broody
often.
Hens are productive layers of small white eggs. They’ll produce about
150-180 eggs per year.
Gournay
“Le Poule de Gournay,” or the Gournay chicken, is from the upper
Normandy region of France. It has ancient ancestry that may date back to the
age of Vikings.
These birds weigh 4 - 7 pounds and have a round body and small head.
Their feathers are evenly mottled black and white. They have orange eyes and
a thick beak, and a well-developed breast with delicate and flavorful meat.
Hens are sweet but will go broody. They lay around 3 white, extra-large
eggs per week. The Gournay is easy to tame and handles confinement well,
making them a rare but excellent choice for backyard chicken keeping.
The Gournay, like many traditional European breeds, suffered during
World War I and II. They nearly went extinct, but with the help of local
enthusiasts in the early 2000s, there are
now around 15,000 of these birds in France
 Hamburg
"History has it that the first chicken show was a contest to settle the dispute of
whose rooster was most magnificent. This was conducted in a pub in England, about
1800, the bartender acting as judge, a copper pot as prize, and the roosters competing
are said to have been Hamburgs."
- The Livestock Conservancy
Hamburgs were found in Holland in the 14th century, but their origins are
unclear. These birds are popular for their egg production. They only lay about 200
eggs per year, but they consistently lay for years longer than other breeds.
These birds make an excellent addition to a backyard flock with room to forage.
They are robust, active, and spirited, and are light eaters. Not to mention they have
beautiful plumage! The silver spangled variety is the flashiest (pictured).

Holland
In 1934, white eggs brought premium prices at market because it was
believed that they had a better, more delicate flavor. Most of America’s eggs
were produced by small farms at the time. Small farmers prefer dual-purpose
chickens because they provide a source of meat as well as eggs. Because dual-
purpose chicken breeds tend to lay brown eggs and white egg-laying breeds
available at the time were light-weight and not well fleshed, this prompted
Rutgers Breeding Farms to set about producing a dual-purpose breed that
would lay white eggs. Thus, the Holland was created.
Hollands are great backyard chickens! They are calm, good foragers,
and the hens will raise their own offspring. They are also great table birds and
lay plenty of large eggs. You can also enjoy that they are helping to conserve
what is likely the rarest living breed of American chicken!
 Leghorn
Is it pronounced "Leghorn" or "Leghern" ? Either way,
these birds are great! This breed was developed
simultaneously in England and the U.S. in the 1850s, with
ancestry tracing back to birds in Northern Italy. Leghorns are
very active birds - scratching and foraging the day away.
They are hardy and easy breeders, but are mostly known for
their egg production. You could easily get 280 eggs in a year,
even up to 300! Many of the white eggs you see in grocery
stores are produced by this breed of chicken.

Minorca
Minorcas are a Mediterranean breed of domestic
chicken, and are in fact the largest fowl from this region.
They have a greenish-black glossy plumage, and very
large, bright red combs and wattles. These help with
dissipating heat. They also have very large, almond
shaped, white earlobes, common to other Mediterranean
fowl.
Minorcas are not broody, but excellent layers of
large, white eggs. They are very hardy and rugged, taking
well to free range conditions.
 BROWN LAYERS: AUSTRALORP - BARNVELDER - BIELEFELDER - BLACK/RED STAR - BRAHMA - BUCKEYE -
CHANTECLER - DELAWARE - JAVA - JERSEY GIANT - MARAN - NAKED NECK - ORPINGTON - PLYMOUTH ROCK -
RHODE ISLAND RED - SPECKLEDY AKA SPECKLED RANGER - SUSSEX - WELSUMMER - WYANDOTTE

Australorp
Around the same time that Orpingtons were being developed
as a breed, Australorps were as well. Australians liked the black
Orpingtons that were being brought over from England, and valued
them for their egg laying ability. With maximum egg production in
mind, Australians continued to develop their own distrinct breed.
The breed went by many names, struggling to distinguish itself from
Orpingtons, and finally settled on Australorp in the 1920s.
These birds are known for their excellent egg production.
You'll easily get 250 light brown eggs per year. The record holding
hen laid 364 eggs in a 365 day period, without assistance of artificial
lighting!

Barnvelder
Barnvelders are named after the Dutch town of Barnveld.
They are a medium sized, dual-purpose bird. They are hardy and
make good foragers. They lay a fair number of dark brown eggs,
are good winter layers, and have a calm disposition.
The original and most well-known variety of this breed is
the Double-laced pattern. They have beautiful plumage, with each
feather having copper, black, and metallic green coloring. They
make an excellent addition to a backyard flock, and are quite the
conversation piece!
 Bielefelder
The Bielefelder is a modern breed, developed in the early 1970s in
Bielefeld, Germany. Poultry breeder Gerd Roth used genetics from a number of
breeds including the Cuckoo Malines, Amrock, Wyandotte, and New
Hampshire. The Bielefelder managed to retain the best qualities of all these
breeds. Consider this breed another example of extraordinary German
engineering. They check off all the boxes on your “perfect chicken” wish list.
This dual-purpose breed is autosexing so males and females can be
identified immediately upon hatching. Females have a chipmunk strip on their
backs, while males are lighter in color and have a yellow spot on their heads.
They mature to have a complex feather pattern which is best described as
cuckoo red partridge.
Birds are very friendly and seek human interaction. They have a large
frame that holds plenty of meat. Roosters can weigh 10 - 12 pounds! Their size
and camouflaging feather pattern makes them perfect for free-range conditions.
Hens can produce upwards of 230 large eggs per year. Their eggs are a
unique shade of brown with pink undertones that you won’t find anywhere else.

Black Star/red Star

Red Stars and Black Stars are hybrids that have been bred to have their
color at hatching linked to the sex of the chicken (pullet or cockerel). This makes
chick sexing an easier process, and you as the purchaser are less likely to be
surprised! Ever had a pullet start to crow one day? Not with these birds!
They've also been developed to be extremely good egg layers. Don't be
surprised if you see 300 eggs in a year! Egg color and size will vary, depending
on the cross-breeding.
Black Stars are a cross between a Rhode Island Red rooster and a Barred
Rock hen. Red Star's are a cross between a Rhode Island Red rooster and either a
White Rock, Silver Laced Wyandotte, Rhode Island White or Delaware hen.
 Brahma
Often referred to as the “King of All Poultry”, the Brahma chicken is
appreciated for its great size, strength, and vigor. By 1901, birds were documented to
have reached the incredible weights of 18 pounds! This breed, together with the
Cochin, fueled what became known as “Hen Fever” – a national obsession for poultry
that hit both America and England around 1850.
Brahmas are an excellent addition to a backyard flock. They are hardy chickens
in winter climates, they cannot fly over low fences (because of their size), and they
have calm and docile personalities. The best part, they lay the majority of their eggs
October thru May! That means while the rest of your girls may slow or even quit
production for the winter, your Brahmans will keep the egg cartons full of large,
medium brown eggs.
One thing to keep in mind, Brahmas are not ideal for hot climates. Their
anatomy makes them susceptible to overheating. So, if you keep Brahmas, make sure
to keep them cool in summer!

Buckeye
The Buckeye breed was created by Mrs. Nettie Metcalf in
Ohio in the late 19th century. In fact, the Buckeye is the only
American breed of chicken developed solely by a woman. She
crossed Buff Cochins and Barred Plymouth Rocks to create a large,
lazy fowl, and then added some Black-Breasted Red Game birds.
Buckeyes are a dual-purpose breed of chicken with a lustrous
red color. They have pea combs (distinguishing them from Road
Island Reds), are cold-weather hardy, and adaptive to a variety of
living conditions. These active, friendly birds are well-known for
their abilities to hunt and catch mice!
 Chantecler
In 1907, a monk, Brother Wilfrid Châtelain, noticed that no breeds
of chicken had yet been established in Canada. All the birds were from
Europe or America. He set out to change this and create a practical
chicken that would be suited to Canada's climate, and be an excellent
dual-purpose bird. By 1918, he debuted the Chantecler.
Chanteclers are large birds with white plumage that lays tight
against the body. They have exceptionally small cushion combs and
wattles, which attributes to them being one of the most hardy breeds.
They are fairly tame, but do not thrive in confinement, so consider this
breed for free ranging. They lay about 200 brown eggs annually.

Delaware
Delawares were developed in 1940, in Delaware, by George
Ellis. The were originally known as "Indian Rivers." The breed
originated from crosses of Barred Plymouth Rock roosters and New
Hampshire hens. Although originally intended as a meat bird,
Delawares make an excellent dual purpose bird. They are known to
have a calm and friendly disposition, and lay jumbo brown eggs -
about 4 per week in ideal conditions. Plus, let's not forget to
mention their beautiful plumage!
 Java
The Java is the 2nd oldest chicken breed developed in
America, going back to 1835. Its ancestors come from the
island of Java in the Far East. Javas are an excellent breed for
free-ranging homesteads and are known for their egg
production and table qualities. Javas come in white, black,
mottled, and auburn. The Black Java is known for the brilliant
beetle-green sheen of its feathers.

Jersey Giant
The Jersey Giant chicken was developed between 1870
and 1890 in New Jersey. You can probably guess that these
birds are pretty big! Roosters weight in at 13 pounds, and
hens can easily grow up to 10 pounds! They are the largest
purebred chicken breed.
They are known to be fairly good layers compared to
other large breeds, and are good winter layers. Expect about
260 large brown eggs per year.
 Maran
Marans originated in western France and were imported in the
1930s. There are 9 recognized colors: Cuckoo, Golden Cuckoo,
Black, Birchen, Black Copper, Wheaten, Black-tailed Buff, White
and Columbian. If you find Marans chicks at a feed store, they will
most likely be the Black Copper or Cuckoo variety. Hens are active
and enjoy free ranging, and also have friendly, outgoing
personalities.
Marans are renowned for their dark chocolate brown eggs. If
you’re looking for unique eggs, these are quite the conversation
peace! You’ll get about 150-200 each year in your nesting boxes.

Naked Neck
The Naked Neck is a breed of chicken that is naturally
devoid of feathers on its neck and vent. The breed is also
called the Transylvanian Naked Neck, as well as the Turken.
The name "Turken" arose from the mistaken idea that the
bird was a hybrid of a chicken and the domestic turkey.
They make for a good dual-purpose utility chicken.
They only have about half the feathers of other chickens, so
they are easier to pluck if raised for meat. They also lay a
respectable number of eggs. They are very good foragers
and are immune to most diseases, plus they are pretty fun to
look at!
 Orpington
Orpington chickens were developed in the town of
Orpington, England of all places! During the late 1800s,
William Cook wanted to create a new breed that was dual
purpose, but had white skin, which the British preferred for
meat. Within 10 years, Orpingtons were a favorite in both
England and America, and came in a variety of colors - black,
white, buff, jubilee, and spangled.
Orpingtons lay about 200 eggs per year. If you're
thinking about adding some to your flock, we suggest the Buff
Orpington. They are known for being very docile - they make
great pet

Plymouth Rock
Developed in America in the middle of the 19th century, this
breed of chicken is historically the most popular in the United
States. Up until WWII, no other breed was kept as extensively as the
Plymouth Rock. The original birds were all of the Barred variety -
with black and white stripped plumage - and other color varieties
were developed later. The popularity of this duel-purpose breed
came from its qualities as an outstanding farm chicken: hardiness,
docility, broodiness, and excellent production of brown eggs. This
chicken is usually what comes to mind when you think of the
chickens Grandma used to keep!
 Rhode Island Red
Rhode Island Reds are a great choice for beginner chicken-
keepers, or expert small flock keepers alike! Developed in
Massachusetts and Rhode Island in the late 1800s, these birds are a
hardy, dual purpose breed. They are very low maintenance, and
can tolerate less than favorable conditions. Hens lay about 5 - 7
eggs per week.

Speckledy aka Speckled Ranger

The Speckledy is a modern hybrid, resulting from a cross
between a Rhode Island Red rooster and a Marans hen.
They are elegant in build, with feathering that resembles a
Cuckoo Marans. The feathers are silky, soft to the touch, and quite
abundant and fluffy. They have pale bay eyes, pale legs, a medium-
sized single comb, and small earlobes and wattles.
They are a docile, easy to tame, and easy to handle bird. They
are good foragers and well suited to a free-range environment.
Speckledys are very good layers. Hens will lay 250-270
chestnut brown eggs per year, which are often speckled. Their
eggshells are particularly strong and the yolks are a deep yellow.
They may produce less than some other hybrids, but they will keep
your egg cartons full!
 Sussex
This breed has ancient connections going all the way back
to 43 A.D., when the Romans invaded Britain. They grew a
reputation of being the finest poultry in Britain, and reached
America in 1912. They are a dual-purpose breed and will put on
fat very easily, so be careful in feeding them too many treats! If
they become too overweight, you will see a decline in egg
production. Sussex chickens are a wonderful breed for a small
farm or homestead, being active and all-around an excellent breed
for meat and eggs. Hens lay an average of 250 light brown eggs
each year, and come in three recognized color varieties: Speckled,
Red, and Light.

Welsummer
Welsummers are a Dutch breed of domestic chicken,
developed in the 1920s. It is a light, friendly, and intelligent
breed, with rustic-red and orange color. Hens lay large eggs,
that are a dark, terracotta brown, and often speckled. Roosters
are considered to have the "classic rooster" look, and often used
in media.
 Wyandotte
Developed in the 1880s, Wyandottes are named after a
Native American tribe prevalent in parts of upstate New York and
Ontario, Canada. They are thought to be developed from the Dark
Brahma and Spangled Hamburgs.
The Silver Laced Wyandotte was the original color
recognized, but since then black, blue, buff, buff Columbian,
Columbian, golden laced, partridge, and silver pencilled have been
added as recognized color varieties.
Wyandottes are friendly, calm, and cold hardy. Hens lay on
average 200 light brown eggs per year. They make excellent setters
and mothers.
CRESTED BREEDS: APPENZELLER - BRABANTER -
CREVECOEUR - HOUDAN - POLISH - SULTAN
Appenzeller
The Appenzeller originated in Switzerland and comes in 2
varieties. The Spitzhauben—named for a women's hat—has a V-
comb and feather crest. The Barthuhner ("bearded hen") has a rose
comb and no crest. Color varieties include black, golden spangled,
and silver spangled.
This breed is mainly ornamental, but hens do lay a
respectable number of white eggs. These birds prefer to range
rather than be cooped because they are active and good foragers.
Appenzellers are also small bodied enough that they are able to
roost up in trees.
 Brabanter
The Brabanter is a Dutch breed of chicken originating
between Belgium and the Netherlands. They appear in paintings
from as far back as the 17th century. The Brabanter is a small
bird with a V-shaped comb and a crest similar to the
Appenzeller.
Hens lay a moderate number of white eggs and are fairly
good winter layers. Brabanters are a calm and intelligent breed
that are better-suited for colder climates. The small comb and
wattles of the Brabanter make them less susceptible to frostbite.

Crevecoeur
The Crevecoeur is one of the oldest breeds in France. It is
named for a small town in Normandy and translates to
"broken heart." Although popular in France, the breed hasn’t
quite caught on in other countries.
Crevecoeur chickens are solid black and have a
distinctive V-shaped comb. They are quiet and have peaceful
temperaments. They are primarily a meat bird and only lay a
moderate amount of white eggs (about 120 per year).
 Houdan
Houdan chickens were developed in France. They are
descended from the ancient 5-toed fowl that were once common
in France and Belgium. Houdans are historically held in high
esteem for both meat and production qualities.
Houdans have both crests and beards, and are black with
mottled white plumage. They also have five toes on each foot.
They are moderately hardy but in the right climates can rival
Leghorns in egg production. Good looks and good use—this
bird has it all!

Polish
The Polish is immediately recognizable by the crest of
feathers that almost covers its entire head. The breed's origins
are unclear, but it was standardized in the Netherlands. They
arrived in America in 1830 and became fairly widespread.
Polishes were originally bred as productive egg layers of
white eggs. Nowadays they are considered more of an
ornamental breed. They are vulnerable to aerial predators
because their crests can obscure their vision. These are shy
and skittish birds, so they won't be cuddling with your kiddos.
 Sultan
Native to Turkey, Sultans there are known as "Serai Taook," which
translates to "Fowl of the Sultan's Palace." The breed first arrived in
England in 1854 when Mrs. Elizabeth Watts, editor of the Poultry Chronicle
in London, received the fowls from a friend living in Constantinople.
If you’re looking for a unique bird, Sultans are for you! They have a
V-shaped comb, crest, beard, muffs, large nostrils, low-carried wings,
vulture hocks, feathered shanks, and five toes. Their feathers a pure white
and their legs are slate blue.
Sultans have happy personalities. Hens lay large white eggs from
March through September. They also make a good table bird. Their
personality and dual-purpose nature make them a great bird for backyard
flocks!

BANTAMS: BARBU D'UCCLE - BELGIAN ANTWERP D'ANVERS -

BOOTED BANTAM - CHABO - DUTCH BANTAM - NANKIN - PEKIN BANTAM -
PYNCHEON - ROSECOMB BANTAM - SCOTS DUMPY - SEBRIGHT - SERAMA
Barbu D'uccle
The Barbu d'Uccle is a Belgian bantam breed. They were developed in the
town of Uccle on the outskirts of Brussels. These chickens have a beard and muff
and full hackle feathers around their neck. Hens weigh about 20 ounces. In the
U.S. there are seven recognized varieties: Black, Golden Neck, Mille Fleur,
Mottled, Porcelain, Self Blue, and White. The Mille Fleur is a popular variety,
translating to a "Thousand Flowers."
These birds have sweet, friendly personalities and are known for their
mysterious, quirky expressions. Hens lay tiny, cream colored eggs. They are a
must have for bantam enthusiasts or anyone with limited space that wants a pet
chicken!
 Belgian Antwerp D'anvers
One of the oldest true bantam breeds, the Belgian Antwerp
d‘Anvers has been around since the 1600s. They have upright
bodies, round breast jutting forward, and arching tail. They have
a profuse beard of feathers that cover the earlobes, and a small
rose comb. Roosters weigh around 24 ounces and hens around
21 ounces.
These birds can be found in numerous color variations. In
Belgium, there are 29 recognized colors. If allowed open space
and free ranging, these birds make excellent pets and are friendly
to humans.
Booted Bantam
The Booted Bantam goes by many names. "Federfuflge
Zwerghuhne" in German, "Sabelpoot" in the Dutch, and "Booted
Bantam" in the UK and Belgium. They are known for
extravagant feathering on their feet and legs. Hens weigh around
22 ounces and roosters around 27 ounces. Almost exclusively an
exhibition bird, they can be found in more than 20 color
varieties, the most popular of which in the UK is the Lemon
Millefleur.
They are friendly and calm when kept as pets. They are
good foragers, and hens will readily go broody. Booted Bantams
are very similar to Barbu d'Uccles.
 Chabo
The Chabo, also known as the Japanese bantam, is the
largest true bantam breed. Their hefty, upright tails reach well
over the birds' heads. They come in many different colors and
also in frizzle and silkie varieties. Rooster weigh a little over
one pound, while hens weight just under a pound. Hens lay
cream colored eggs.
Chabos have unusually short legs. This breed is ideal for
homeowners with delicate lawns and gardens because their
little legs can’t do much damage while digging!

Dutch Bantam
Originating in the Netherlands, the Dutch Bantam is
a true bantam breed. They are one of the smallest
bantams, only weighing in at about 15 ounces. They can
fly rather well because they are small but have large
wings.
Dutch Bantams are especially hardy and good layers
for their size. Hens lay about 160 cream colored eggs per
year, although they are small. They have friendly
temperaments and make great family pets!
 Nankin
The Nankin is one of the oldest bantam breeds. This breed was
used in developing many other bantam breeds, such as the Sebright.
They have rich, chestnut colored bodies, a black tail, and black
flight feathers. Roosters weigh about 24 ounces and females about
22 ounces.
Nankins are calm and have a likeable personality. They are
unusual in that they stick very close together in a group and rarely
venture away from the flock. This may be due to their small size—
safety in numbers! Hens are known to be particularly broody and
love hatching eggs, often sitting on other hens' eggs in addition to
their own.
Pekin Bantam
Pekin Bantams are of Chinese origin and are alleged to have
been looted by British soldiers from the private collection of the
Emperor of China. They are round birds and have so many
feathers that you practically can’t see their feet and legs!
Roosters weigh around 23 ounces and hens weigh around 20
ounces. There is some debate over whether Pekins are a true
bantam breed or are just miniature Cochins. Pekins come in a
variety of colors. They are docile birds, and with some handing,
can make great pets! While hens don't produce many eggs, they
are broody and make good mothers (egg adoption anyone?).
 Pyncheon
The Pyncheon is a very old true bantam breed, with no larger counterpart. It is
thought the breed was developed in the Northeastern United States in the 1700s, with
ancestors coming from the Netherlands or Belgium.
Pyncheons have a single comb that often folds into the shape of the letter “S”.
Behind the comb they have a tassel, which is similar to a crest, but feathers protrude
out and back from behind the comb. They are most commonly found with a mille
fleur pattern, with the black stippling reduced.
This breed is very friendly. Because of their small body size, they have good
flying abilities. Hens lay small white or cream colored eggs, and are extremely
broody. While they love to sit on a nest, they don’t always have the instinct to follow
through and raise chicks. They are better suited as incubators than mothers!
This breed is actually mentioned by name in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book The
House of the Seven Gables, which was published in March of 1851.

Rosecomb Bantam
The Rosecomb Bantam is a true bantam breed, meaning it does not have a
larger counterpart. It is one of the oldest bantam breeds, developed in England
during the 14th century. Roosters weigh about 26 ounces and hens weigh about 22
ounces.
They are kept mainly for exhibition and are generally bred for their
appearance. Officially recognized colors include black, white, and blue.
Unofficially, there are many more feather varieties. They have a very large comb
and earlobes for their body size. They stand tall, alert, and proud, and have an
“aristocratic” way about them. Hens lay one tiny cream-colored egg each week.
They are docile in nature, but not at all friendly. In fact, these birds are high
maintenance, and only recommended for serious poultry connoisseurs. They are not
the best fit for casual poultry hobbyists.
 Scots Dumpy
Scots Dumpies are an ancient Scottish breed of chicken.
Evidence suggests they existed 700 years ago. The "Dumpy" in
the name refers to a dwarfing gene that causes them to have very
short legs and waddle as they walk.
Because of their shorter legs, the Scots Dumpy can't scratch
up your landscaping! They are also excellent egg producers,
broody, and good mothers. They are docile and the roosters make
very timely alarm clocks! While all roosters will crow, the Scots
Dumpy rooster is more inclined to crow at their first sign of dawn.

Sebright
Named after creator Sir John Sebright in about 1800, the
Sebright is one of England's oldest bantam breeds. They are a true
bantam, meaning there is no standard version of the breed. They are
small even for a bantam—males weigh about 22 ounces.
Sebrights are considered an ornamental breed. They do not lay
many eggs but have beautifully laced plumage in silver of gold.
Males are "hen feathered" and do not have the typical feathering of a
rooster in the tail, saddle, and hackles. Sebrights make good pets
because they are active and easily tamed.
 Serama
The Serama is a bantam breed of chicken originating in Malaysia
within the last 50 years. The breed is named for the word "Rama," the
title of the Kings of Thailand. Small chickens have always been popular
in the area as pets, and are sometimes called pygmy chickens.
Seramas are meant to be small, brave chickens with the persona of
a fearless warrior or toy soldier. They have an upright posture and
vertical tail feathers, giving their body a V-shape. They are extremely
small in size. Roosters and hens alike will weigh about 1/2 pound to 1
pound.
DEATHLAYER - DOMINIQUE - DORKING - IOWA BLUE - LANGSHAN - MARSH DAISY -
NORWEGIAN JAEHORN - ORLOFF - ORUST - PAVLOVSKAYA - PENEDESENCA - PITA
PINTA ASTURIANA - RHODEBAR - THURINGIAN - TWENTSE
Altsteirer
The Altsteirer is an ancient breed that may be thousands of years old, but the
first record of its existence is from the 13th century. It originated in the Styria
region of Austria and Slovenia and is one of the first identified breeds in Europe.
Several of this breed’s physical characteristics also appear in chickens around
Europe, suggesting that it was used to develop other breeds.
The Altsteirer is a dual purpose breed of medium size. Hens lay 180 - 200
large white eggs per year and rarely go broody. Birds can weigh 4 - 8 pounds, and
their round body makes a nice meal for the table.
They are found in a variety of colors, including partridge, white,
cuckoo, and black-breasted red. This breed is rare and is considered
endangered. If you are looking for an easy to care for and very unique
breed, this may be the one for you. You could play a part in restoring the
population!
 Brussbar
The Brussbar is a dual purpose breed, developed by Professor Punnett
and Mr. Pease at Cambridge in the first half of the 20th century. They were
looking to create an autosexing breed with the characteristics of a Light
Sussex, the most popular breed at the time. Brown Sussex and Barred Rocks
were used initially to create the autosexing plumage with utility strains of
Light Sussex added to improve productivity. The breed was officially
standardized in 1952.
Birds are large and well-built, similar to a Sussex. They have a
distinctive crele plumage, a copper and gold body color with barring patterns
throughout. Originally, the Brussbar came in both a gold and silver variety,
though now only the gold variety can be found. Brussbars never caught on in
popularity and the breed barely survived the 1960s. Only one farm was
keeping this breed alive! They remain very rare today.

California Grey
Developed in California in the 1930s by James Dryden, professor of
poultry science. He wanted a dual-purpose hen laying large white eggs that
remained in her egg-laying prime for longer than 2 years. He crossed a Barred
Plymouth Rock rooster with a White Leghorn hen, which resulted in a
naturally autosexing breed with grey barred plumage.
Birds are between 4 - 6 pounds, which makes them too large to appeal
to commercial egg producers. They were also never recognized by the
American Poultry Association. This means they never enjoyed popularity and
today are a rare find.
If you manage to have this breed in your flock, you’re a lucky one!
These birds are calm, good winter layers, and given the intent of their creator,
should produce lots of eggs in their lifetime!
 Catalana
Catalanas were developed near Barcelona in the district of Catalonia,
Spain. It was introduced to the rest of the world at the 1902 World's Fair held in
Madrid. They are a hardy, dual-purpose breed, with the style, alertness, and
forage abilities typical of Mediterranean breeds. They lay large white eggs and
rarely are broody. Catalanas are noted for being very heat tolerant.

Dampierre
Ever wonder what happens when a breed goes extinct? The Normande chicken
in France did just that. It died out more than a century ago in the late 1800s. This
breed closely resembled its cousin, the Gournay. It had the same black and white
mottled coloring, but it also had a feather crest on its head.
So is it just gone forever? Sort of. The exact Normande hasn’t returned, but
instead has been re-created by poultry enthusiasts. This new breed, resembling the
old breed, is known as the Dampierre. It was created in France in 1996 using
Gournay and Crevecouer genetics. Since then, the breed continues to be improved
and standardized with great attention to detail to resemble the Normande as closely
as possible.
Dampierres are dual-purpose, with fine white meat and delicate bones. Hens
lay a productive number of large white eggs and are willing to go broody.
This breed is only just beginning to make an appearance in the U.S. They are
hard to come by and very expensive. If you manage to get your hands on these birds,
you must be dedicated to advancing the breed by only raising birds that meet the
breed standard.
 Deathlayer
The Deathlayer (Totleger, in its native German) is over 400 years old and
was once commonly found on German farms. Their popularity declined over the
centuries, and now they are considered rare. Why the name Deathlayer? One
theory is that it’s because hens will lay an egg a day up until the day they die!
Birds are very striking in appearance, with iridescent greens and purple in
their black body feathers and silver hackles. They have cushion combs and large
dark eyes.
The hens are super productive, laying medium-sized white eggs. They are
very active birds and should be kept free range. They prefer to sleep in trees if
given the option.

Dominique
The Dominique is considered America's oldest breed of chicken,
developed during the colonial period. They enjoyed great popularity as a dual-
purpose fowl until the 1870s, when they fell out of favor with poultry keepers.
By 1970, they were listed as "Critical", with fewer than 500 birds in North
America. Currently, they have made a small come back, and have moved from
"critical" status to "watch list".
Dominiques are medium-sized, black and white barred birds. The
Dominique’s tightly arranged plumage, combined with the low profile of the
rose comb, make this breed more resistant to frostbite than many other breeds
of fowl. Dominiques are also known to adapt well to hot and humid climates.
They lay an average of 230-275 brown eggs each year.
How to tell the difference between a rare Dominique and a common
Plymouth Rock? Look to the comb! A Dominque's rose comb will look
substantially different than a Plymouth Rock's single comb.
 Dorking
The history of the Dorking is similar to that of the Sussex. An
ancient breed with ties to the Roman Empire, the Dorking was
developed to be a superior table bird. As a backyard poultry keeper,
this breed would make an excellent dual-purpose bird! Hens make
excellent winter layers, and are exceptional mothers. They welcome
chicks from other hens and tend to look after chicks far longer than
other hens.

Iowa Blue
The Iowa Blue was developed in the early 1900's near
Decorah, Iowa. A folk legend tells the story of a white Plymouth
Rock hen emerging from under a building with a clutch of chicks
that were colored solid chestnut to striped. Old-timers tell the tale
that the chicks were sired by a pheasant.
Iowa Blues are a practical, dual-purpose, homesteader
chicken. They are fairly docile but excellent foragers. Hens have
good mothering instincts and roosters are brave protectors of their
flock. This breed almost went extinct in the 1980s and are still very
rare. Fortunately, they are making a comeback thanks to some
dedicated breeders and poultry keepers.
 Langshan
Langshans originated in China near the Yangtszekiang
River and made its way to England in 1872. The breed is valued
for being a large bird, with quality meat, that lays a high
volume of dark brown, purplish eggs.
Langshans are hearty birds and good foragers. They have
tight feathering and can fly better than most other chickens.
Hens are not dependable sitters but make excellent mothers
once the chicks have hatched.

Marsh Daisy
The Marsh Daisy is a very rare breed originating in
Lancashire, England, and has not made a name for itself in
other countries. It's a bird with a fancy name and a practical
nature. These birds are slow to mature, but once grown, are
very hardy and excellent foragers. They flourish in free range
environments. Hens lay about 200 cream colored eggs each
year.
The Marsh Daisy chicken may be one of the rarest
chicken breeds worldwide. It never achieved popularity
abroad, was never recognized by the American Poultry
Association and is little known or seen outside the UK.
 Norwegian Jaehorn
The Jaehorn is the only breed of domestic chicken indigenous to
Norway. They were developed in 1920 near the town of Stavenger.
They have only recently made their way to North America and are still
a rare find in the U.S.
They come in two colors: dark brown and light brown. Hens can
lay an impressive 215 white eggs per year. Jaehorns are small, hardy,
and active birds. They are great flyers due to their size. So be aware,
your chickens may fly the coop!

Orlof
Orloffs were previously believed to have originated in Russia,
however modern research indicates they first appeared in Persia and
were brought to Europe and Asia in the 17th century. The breed
became popular through promoter Count Alexei Grigoryevich
Orlov in the 19th century.
Orloffs are tall and well adapted to the cold. They are tight
feathered, head and neck are very densely feathered, and they have
tiny combs, earlobes, and wattles. The hens lay a good amount of
light brown eggs and are relatively calm.
 Orust
The Orust is a landrace breed from the west coast of Sweden.
This breed free ranged along the isolated rocky shores and is a proven
survivor, eating whatever was available, including fish!
They have black and white mottled feathers, and their legs can
sometimes have the same pattern. As a unique trait, roosters’ wattles
turn from red to bright violet when they are agitated and protecting
their hens.
This breed is extremely rare. In 2013 there were only 463 birds
on record!

Pavlovskaya
Pavlovskayas are Russia's most ancient chicken breed. They
were used in developing newer breeds like the Polish and the
Brabanter. This breed nearly went extinct. In the 1990s, the total
population consisted only of 2 roosters, and one of them was
infertile! Very careful breeding programs rehabilitated the breed,
however it is still super rare and virtually unknown outside of Russia.
This breed is well adapted to its native climate of extreme cold.
These tiny birds are only 3 - 4 pounds. They have a v-shaped comb
accompanied by a crest, beard, muffs, and completely feathered legs
and toes.
They have a pleasant personality being curious, lively, and
trustful. The hens only lay about 70-90 white eggs per year. The meat
is light and gamey. 
 Penedesenca
The Penedesenca originated in the region of Catalonia, in
Spain. They are named after the town Vilafranca del Penedes
and were developed from native backyard birds.
This breed is known for the very dark brown eggs that
the hens produce. They are said to be the darkest brown of any
breed. They come is a few color varieties: Black, Crele,
Partridge, and Wheaten. They have white earlobes, red wattles,
and an unusual carnation comb.
This breed is extremely rare. In fact, they almost went
extinct! In the 1980s, some breeders dedicated themselves to
reviving the Penedesenca.

Pita Pinta Asturiana

Pita what??? Asturias is a principality in north-western
Spain. In the Asturian language, Pita Pinta translates to "painted
hen." This breed is the only chicken indigenous to the area, and
are considered extremely rare.
Pita Pintas are compact birds with yellow skin, yellow
beaks, red earlobes, and orange eyes. Plummage varieties include
Pinta Negra (black mottled), Pinta Roxa (mottled brown), Blanca
(white), and Abedul (black). Hens are reliable layers of eggs the
color of burnt cream. These birds are tough and responsive to
their environment.
 Rhodebar
The Rhodebar is a breed that we wish wasn’t quite so rare! Hailed as “an absolute
gift for the small poultry enthusiast”, these birds have so many great qualities.
Originally created at the University of British Columbia in the 1940s, during the
autosexing breed development craze, the Rhodebar involves a cross of Rhode Island
Reds and Plymouth Barred Rocks. A version of the breed was also created in the U.K. by
crossing a Danish strain of Rhode Island Red with Golden Brussbars.
Rhodebars are autosexing, meaning males and females have different coloring at
the time of hatch. Males are yellow, and females have dark stripes of barring down their
backs. This makes them easy to differentiate, so you stand an excellent chance of
knowing if you’ve got future hens or roosters in the bunch.
This is a dual-purpose breed. Hens are great layers of brown tinted eggs. You can
expect about 180-200 eggs per year. Birds weigh between 6 - 9 pounds and dress out
nicely for the table.
Because the Rhodebar was developed just before the dawn of commercial hybrid
breeds, it only enjoyed brief popularity, and is now very rare. Those who continue to
breed and raise Rhodebars are very devoted to maintaining the exceptional qualities of
this breed.
Thuringian
Thuringians were developed in 19th century Germany, in the Thuringian
Forest. They were intended to be a dual-purpose breed, but are now seen mainly at
poultry shows. They are very rare!
They have a distinctive beard, muffs, and a very small comb. This makes
them well-suited for cold climates, and gives them a cute, chubby-cheeked
appearance.
They are friendly, tame, and make good pets. It is said that different color
varieties each have different personalities. They are confidant and like to explore,
preferring to free range rather than be confined to a coop. Hens lay about 160 eggs
per year. They do not go broody often, but when they do, they are very defensive
mothers.
 Twentse
Twentses (Dutch), also known as Kraienkoppes (German), are a large
breed of chicken from an area spanning between Germany and the
Netherlands. They are rumored to be the result of Leghorn and Malay
crosses and are sporty, ornamental birds that also have good egg production.
Hens lay about 200 off-white eggs per year.
They have small wattles, earlobes, and walnut comb—all bright red in
color. This rare breed is an excellent forager in both free range and confined
conditions.

UNUSUAL: AYAM CEMANI - CAMPINE - CUBALAYA - EGYPTIAN FAYOUMI -

FAVORELLES - LA FLECHE - LAKENVELDER - ONAGADORI - PHOENIX - SHAMO -
SICILIAN BUTTERCUP - SUMATRA - SWEDISH BLACK HEN - SWEDISH FLOWER
HEN - WHITE FACED BLACK SPANISH - YOKOHAMA

Ayam Cemani
The Ayam Cemani is a unique breed with a striking in appearance.
Originating from the island of Java, they have black plumage, black skin, black
muscles, black bones, even black organs! They have a gene that causes
hyperpigmentation (Fibromelanosis). While their blood is still red, it is very
dark. Due to their exotic appearance, in Asia their meat is considered to have
mystic powers.
They are friendly birds, hardy, low maintenance, and easy to handle. Hens
lay a moderate amount of cream colored eggs that are relatively large in
proportion to their body size.
Consider yourself lucky if you can find a bird of this breed! They are
extremely rare and can be expensive.
 Campine
The Campine chicken is originally from northern Belgium, but once
it was imported to England in 1899, it was developed in to a much different
bird.
Something that makes Campines unique is that often times, especially
in Europe, roosters will be "hen feathered." This means that they don't
develop the long sickle feathers, pointed hackle feathers, or pointed saddle
feathers. Rather, their plumage resembles that of a hen.
Campines come in two color varieties: Silver and Golden. They are
fair layers of white eggs, but mostly for show. This bird is considered a
delicate, active breed. A fun addition for your backyard collection!

Cubalaya
The Cubalaya is the only breed developed in Cuba. It is
descended from Sumatra and Malay birds brought to Cuba from the
Philippines. They were selectively bred to be impressive in appearance,
with a courageous expression. Roosters have flowing hackle feathers
and a "lobster tail" – a downward angled tail with lavish feathering.
Their look is truly unique to the breed.
These birds are very tame, with a friendly and curious disposition.
They very heat tolerant, for those of you with long hot summers! The
hens are reliable layers, lay small eggs and are good brooders.
 Egyptian Fayoumi
Fayoumis are an ancient Egyptian breed. They about 3,000 years
old, descended from Sri Lankan junglefowl that the Pharoah
Tutankhamen had procured through the ancient cinnamon trade.
They look somewhat like a roadrunner, with upright tails and
forward jutting necks. They are a very hardy breed, and not
surprisingly well-suited for hot climates. They are such excellent
foragers and can pretty much fend for themselves. They are fat to
mature, and hens are good layers of off-white colored eggs.

Favorelles
The Favorelles is a French breed of chicken. They are
considered a heavy breed, and have a beard, muffs, feathered
feet, and 5 toes per foot. They are also known for their round
shape. Favorelles are extremely docile and quiet, which makes
them a popular choice in home flocks as egg layers and pets.
At the same time, their gentleness can cause them to be picked
on by other birds, so watch out for bullies! A well cared for
hen will lay about 4 pinkish colored eggs per week.
 La Fleche
La Flèche is a rare, French dual-purpose breed. The words "la
fleche" translates to "the arrow," which is linked to the part of
France where these birds originated in the fifth century.
These birds are known for their very distinct V-shaped comb.
They have tightly arranged black plumage and white earlobes.
Hens lay large white eggs from March thru October.

Lakenvelder
Lakenvelders are sometimes known as "Shadows on
a Sheet," because in Dutch the name translates to white
spread over a black field. They are beautiful birds with
blue legs, deep red eyes, and long flowing tails. They
have single combs and you will see that even the females'
combs stand tall.
Lakenvelders are known not just for their beauty,
but also their egg laying abilities. They lay about 175
porcelain white eggs per year. They are great foragers
and very active, but they are wary. These birds will not
cuddle with your kids!
 Onagadori
Meaning "long-tailed chicken" in Japanese, Onagadoris are
designated as a Special Natural Monument by the Japanese
government. It has taken centuries breeding to create what the
breed has become today. Breeders provide special hutches with
perches well above the ground where the tails are kept clean and
in good condition. Their tails do not molt, but grow continuously,
allowing them to reach lengths of 12 to 27 feet long.

Phoenix
The Phoenix chicken is a German creation from the long-
tailed fowls of Japan. The first president of the National German
Poultry Association, Mr. Hugo du Roi, is credited with the
creation of the breed. His intent was to reinvigorate the small
population of long-tailed fowl in Europe. Some say the name
“Phoenix” was given to the resultant chickens to acknowledge
the seeming “rise from the ashes” of their soon lost parents.
The Phoenix chicken is an alert breed with a pheasant-like
appearance. They are fair layers that can go broody. The chicks
are hardy, but require extra protein when their tails are growing
(try Ace Hi Quick Gro or Kelley’s Quick Gain). The breed
thrives when it can roam at large with plenty of freedom.
 Shamo
Ever seen a chicken like this before?! The Shamo originated in Thailand
and made its way to Japan in the 1600s. As with other things distinctly Japanese,
like koi fish and bonsai trees, the Shamo was carefully curated and finely tuned
over the centuries. Different regions of Japan favor different colors and sizes.
These birds are so revered in Japan that they were officially placed under
protection of the law in 1941.
The first Shamos in the United States were mostly likely smuggled
overseas as eggs in the luggage of soldiers returning from World War II. The
breed took up favor in the southern United States, but as of 2015 they’ve all but
disappeared from the country.
Shamos are an exhibition breed and aren’t good for much else besides their
impressive looks. Hens are devoted mothers but poor layers. Their meat is too
tough to eat.
They are all tall chicken with an upright stature. They can reach almost 3
feet tall and can range from 4 - 13 pounds! Shamos are intelligent and friendly
towards humans, with a confidence that makes them treat us as their equal.

Sicilian Buttercup
Sicilian Buttercups originated on the island of Sicily, and were
imported to the U.S., Britain, and Australia in the early 20th century.
They are named for their very unique comb. It is a cup-shaped crown
with a complete circle of medium sized regular points. No other
breed will have this type of comb!
These birds are active foragers, preferring to free range. They
lay a modest number of small eggs—about 180 in a year. This breed
is friendly, making them a great pet!
 Sumatra
This breed was shaped by its wild origins on the isles of
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo in Indonesia. Their rich green sheen
and royal appearance belies their feral heritage.
Sumatra hens lay an abundant number of white or lightly
tinted eggs and are excellent winter layers. They are also
among the best and broodiest of mothers. Both adults and
chicks are hardy and easy to raise. Sumatra chickens are active
and alert and are especially good at launching vertically to
escape danger.

Swedish Black Hen

Swedish Black Hens, translated from Svart Höna in their native Swedish, are
an ultra-rare and exotic breed. While the breed was developed on the border of
Norway and Sweden, these birds have ancestry tracing back to Indonesia.
Like their cousins, the rare Ayam Cemani and the more common Silkie, Svart
Hönas have fibromelanistic genetic traits, making them entirely black. While they
look similar to the Ayam Cemani, they have a more refined and less gamey
appearance.
Svart Hönas are small and sleek, with birds weighing 5 - 8 pounds. They thrive
in free-range flocks. Their flying abilities are above average, and if given the chance
will choose to roost high off the ground. Hens are excellent layers of cream colored
eggs, which are very large in relation to their small body size. Roosters are very alert
and excellent protectors of the flock.
They are very friendly and seek out human interaction and affection. Sounds
like a really cool breed to have in your flock!
 Swedish Flower Hen (Blommehöna)

Originally a landrace breed, Swedish Flower Hens were not intentionally

developed. Rather, they were created by nature as a result of the pairing of the
strongest and hardiest birds over the last 500 years. They are the largest of the
Swedish breeds and can weigh up to 8 pounds! They are named after their
unique and striking feather pattern. Because they are not a standard breed, they
come in a wide variety of colors featuring red, blue, or black, but should all
maintain the flower patterning.
These birds have so many great qualities! Being native to Sweden, they are
extremely hardy and well adapted for cold. They are confident in nature, but not
aggressive. They enjoy human interaction, but maintain enough independence
and street smarts to be kept free-ranging. Hens are great layers of extra-large
eggs that can range from cream to pale brown in color.
This breed is quite rare, but is becoming the talk of the town among poultry
enthusiasts! They should become more readily available in the future.
 White Faced Black Spanish
The Black Spanish is a regal bird that holds itself with
the posture of aristocrats. This ancient breed is lustrous
green-black, with a distinguishing white face and enormous
white earlobes.
Black Spanish hens were hugely popular in the 1800s
for their ability to lay an abundant amount of large white
eggs. They ultimately lost favor with farmers because they
are fairly delicate birds, and hardier breeds came along. 

Yokohama
Like the Phoenix, the Yokohama chicken is a German
creation from long-tailed fowls of Japanese descent. They
have a beautiful and elegant appearance with white
plumage and red across the breast and back. Some
Yokohamas have tails of three and even four feet long!
They are an alert breed with a game-like appearance.
Yokohamas are indifferent layers and can go broody after
laying only 12-14 eggs. The chicks are hardy, but require
extra protein when their tails are growing (try 
Ace Hi Quick Gro or Kelley’s Quick Gain).
BBQ SPECIAL: BARBEZIEUX - BASQUE CHICKEN - BRESSE - CORNISH - GALLINA DI SALUZZO - GOURNAY- IXWORTH -
LYONNAISE - NEW HAMPSHIRE - NORFOLK GREY - REDCAP - RED SHAVER – VORWERK
Barbezieux
The Barbezieux originated in France during the Middle Ages. These birds are
impressive in the coop and on the table!
Adult birds weigh 9 to 12 pounds, and roosters can grow up to 2 feet tall. They
are considered the tallest chicken in Europe. They have iridescent, beetle black
feathers, and an oversized comb and wattles. They have white skin and blue legs.
Hens lay a good amount of white eggs, should you want to keep some in your
flock as layers. Their meat is ultra-premium. Some foodies claim it’s even better than
the famous Bresse! Barbezieux meat is firm and has a very distinct flavor, with notes
of wild game. The roasted skin is golden and has a light wheat scent.

Basque Chicken
The Basque region of Spain and France has a rich history and culture that has
endured thousands of years in the harsh and rugged terrain. The Basque people view
themselves as independent and apart from the countries where they reside. Just like the
people of the region, native chickens thrive under conditions that their less hardy
cousins would struggle with.
The legs, feet, and skin of these birds are yellow. They have a bright red single
comb and narrow, pointed red earlobes. They are found in five color
varieties: Beltza (black), Gorria (red), Lepasoila (naked-necked, red-
brown), Marraduna (golden cuckoo) and Zilarra (black-tailed white).
This breed has recently become a favorite of homesteaders in the United States
and Canada. They are ideal for free ranging, given their hardy ancestry and excellent
foraging skills.
Basque Chickens are medium-sized, with roosters growing as large as 9 pounds,
giving a good amount of meat for the table. Hens lay about 200 - 220 large brown eggs
per year. Their best quality, however, is their winning personality. They are very
friendly and enjoy human company, allowing themselves to be picked up without a
fuss.
 Bresse
The Bresse is hailed as the best tasting chicken in the world. Similar to
French Champagne, birds must be raised within the legally defined area of the
historic region of Bresse, in eastern France. To maintain the strictest quality
standards, the raising and selling of Bresse chickens is rigidly controlled by
the French government. There are rules about how much land they must have
access to, what they must be fed, and how they must be processed. There are
only about 200 breeders that producing 1.2 million birds annually.
When you purchase a Bresse chicken it will have a leg band to prove
authenticity. It will also cost you over $20 per pound!
Bresse chickens are colored like the French flag – red comb, white body,
and blue legs.

Cornish
The Cornish was an epic fail in terms of serving its original purpose. Sir
Walter Raleigh Gilbert of England developed the breed, originally naming it
the "Indian Game." He intended to combine the power of an Aseel gamebird
with the speed of an English gamebird. What he got was a bird with neither of
those qualities.
Cornishes were (misleadingly) marketing in the 1800s as an excellent all
around bird, despite being "nearly the worst domestic fowls for ordinary use."
In the early 1900s, breeders renamed it the "Cornish" and found two niche
markets. Due to the muscular nature of the breed, young birds could be
harvested early to produce a tender and flavorful one-pound bird: the now
well-know “Cornish Game Hens.” They are also ideal to cross with American
breeds to produce extremely fast growing market poultry.
 Gallina di Saluzzo
The Gallina di Saluzzo, Italian for “the white hen of Saluzzo,” is from the
Piedmont in Italy. It is a rustic breed and was once widespread throughout the region.
Small family farms are common in the area, and the animals traditionally raised there
were intended for family consumption. With the increase of intensive and
commercial agriculture, this breed almost disappeared completely, along with other
pasture-raised breeds in the area. Recovery efforts began in 1999 to revive the breed
because of it’s historical significance to the region.
The Gallina di Saluzzo is a dual-purpose breed. While hens lay about 180
white eggs per year, this breed really shines on the dinner table. Due to extensive
breeding and very specific feeding techniques, the quality of their meat is
exceptional.
They are a classic looking chicken: all white feathers with a red comb and
wattles, a yellow beak, and yellow feet. They weigh about 4 - 6 pounds, making
them a medium to small-sized bird.

Gournay
“Le Poule de Gournay,” or the Gournay chicken, is from the upper Normandy
region of France. It has ancient ancestry that may date back to the age of Vikings.
These birds weigh 4 - 7 pounds and have a round body and small head. Their
feathers are evenly mottled black and white. They have orange eyes and a thick beak, and
a well-developed breast with delicate and flavorful meat.
Hens are sweet but will go broody. They lay around 3 white, extra-large eggs per
week. The Gournay is easy to tame and handles confinement well, making them a rare but
excellent choice for backyard chicken keeping.
The Gournay, like many traditional European breeds, suffered during World War I
and II. They nearly went extinct, but with the help of local enthusiasts in the early 2000s,
there are now around 15,000 of these birds in France.
 Ixworth
The Ixworth was created in the 1930s England, by Reginald
Appleyard. Appleyard is better known for developing the Silver
Appleyard Duck. In the Ixworth, he envisioned the ideal dual-purpose
breed that would be an active forager, produce eggs, and make a hearty
meal.
Both hens and roosters have a stocky body, pure white feathers,
white skin, and pea comb. While they are better designed for the table,
hens also lay a decent number of tinted eggs.

Lyonnaise
The Lyonnaise breed was developed in Lyon, France in the 1950s, by
Etienne Tamburini. However, it took almost 20 years before they were
recognized as a distinct and official breed.
There is both a standard and bantam variety, and both can either be flat-
feathered or frizzled. Birds have beetle black feathers and grey legs. They have
a crest that sweeps to the back of the head, like a well-coiffed hairdo.
Lyonnaise are excellent free-range birds, showing good survival skills
when it comes to foraging for food and avoiding predators. They are also
friendly towards humans, docile, and quiet.
They are a medium sized bird, known for producing excellent white
meat. Hens are good layers of medium-sized white eggs, laying about 3 per
week.
 New Hampshire
New Hampshire chickens have only been around since the
1930s and are closely related to the classic Rhode Island Red
(RIR). Starting with RIRs, breeders were very selective and
intensified traits of early maturity, rapid full feathering, and
production of large brown eggs. These birds are a rich chestnut
color, slightly lighter in shade than RIRs.
New Hampshires are a dual-purpose breed, but are intended
more for the table than for egg production. They prefer to free
range and are known to be competitive with the rest of the flock.

Norfolk Grey
The Norfolk Grey is a utility breed developed in England in 1910, by
Frederick Myhill. Originally, the breed was called “Black Maria”.
During World War I, Myhill had to leave his flock to free range while he
left for military service. When he returned home, he discovered that his birds had
cross bred with other breeds, and he had to start over again. While he
successfully did so, Black Marias did not gain in popularity, so Myhill had the
name changed to Norfolk Grey. This breed all but died out in the 1970s. A
private flock of only 4 birds was able to revive it!
Norfolk Greys are a heavy breed, but not as large as other birds in that
category. They have a single comb, black eyes, slate legs, with black body
feathers and silver striped hackles.
This breed does well free ranging. Roosters weigh 7 - 8 pounds and hens
weigh 5 - 6 pounds. They produce a good roast for the table, and hens lay 150-
220 pale brown eggs per year.
 RedCap
The RedCap is an egg-laying breed from England named
after their very large rose comb. It is one of the older English
breeds, but exact time is unclear. The RedCap was bred so much
for utility that they are lacking in appeal. Their coloring, wild
temperament, and generally unrefined quality led them to fall out
of favor by 1900.
The breed has red plumage tipped with a blue-black, half-
moon shaped spangle and leaden blue colored legs.
During the early to mid-1800’s the Redcap chicken was
considered one of the most profitable fowls a farmer could have.
They have delicate meat, and even though they have red earlobes,
can lay 150-200 white eggs.

Red Shaver
The Red Shaver is a sex-linked breed from Canada.
Female chicks are a reddish-brown color with white
underfeathers, while male chicks are white with a few red
markings on the feathers. They are a dual purpose breed with
a reputation for being quiet and calm. Hens lay up to 300
large brown eggs per year! Because they are Canadian, they
are very well adapted to cold.
 Vorwerk
The Vorwerk was developed in 1900 by Oskar Vorwerk in Hamburg,
Germany. His goal was to create a medium-sized, dual-purpose breed with
the same feather pattern as the Lakenvelder.
Vorwerks are hardy, adaptable, alert, and active. They mature quickly,
are pretty good at flying for a chicken! This makes them great candidates
for free range flocks.
Birds are typically 4 - 8 pounds and hens lay about 170 large cream
eggs per year. They are a golden buff color, with solid black head, neck, and
tail. They are often confused with Golden Lakenvelders, but are a separate
breed. This is perhaps the reason why Vorwerks never gained popularity,
therefore they are rare outside of Europe.

ORNAMENTAL: COCHIN - FRIZZLE - MALAY - OLD

ENGLISH GAME - SILKIE
Cochin
Cochins, along with Brahmas, are responsible for the "hen fever" that over took
poultry keepers in American and England in 1850. No doubt they are helping fuel the
newest obsession with backyard chicken keeping! Cochins were developed in China.
They are very large in size (up to 10 pounds), have an abundance of feathers, and are
calm in disposition. Like Brahmas, they are very hardy in cold climates.
Cochins are known for being very broody, so much so that roosters will
occasionally brood chicks! So, if you're looking to hatch your own chicks, consider a
Cochin hen to raise them! They are even considered the best choice for hatching and
raising ducks and turkeys!
Cochins are bred in several color patterns: Buff, Partridge, White, Black, Silver
Laced, Golden Laced, Blue, Brown, and Barred.
 Frizzle
A Frizzle in the U.S. is not a breed of chicken, but rather a type of
chicken, describing curly plumage. Frizzles are most commonly found in
Polish, Cochin, Plymouth Rock, Japanese, and Silkies, but other breeds can
possess the Frizzle gene. The feathers curl out and away from the body,
giving the birds a unique appearance.
Because of the structure of their feathers, Frizzles cannot trap heat
against their body, so they do not thrive in cold climates. They also cannot
fly at all, and may have trouble reaching high roosts.

Malay
The Malay chicken is an ancient landrace breed. It is supposed to
have descended from the great Malay fowls of India. These birds are
extremely tall. They can reach heights of up to 30 inches! They are said
to be able to eat grain off the dining table!
Malays are not suited for egg or meat production. But they have
been useful in crossing with other breeds and revitalizing threatened
breeds. Many developed breeds of chicken have Malay ancestry mixed
in.
Malays have a unique appearance, aside from height. The
expression of a Malay is snarky and cruel. The crow of the rooster is
more like a roar! They are very hardy and impressive birds.
 Old English Game
The Old English Game breed is one of the oldest breeds of fowl, having been
introduced to England by Romans in the 1st century! Although their origins were in
the fighting ring, today they are raised for their exotic appearance and only for show.
They have compact, muscular bodies with feathers that are hard, glossy, and sit tight
along the body. They are known to have fearless eyes and an indomitable spirit.
Old English Games come in a variety of colors. Both hens and roosters have
large and distinctive tail feathers. Hens make excellent brooders, although they can
be overly aggressive as mothers. They can tolerate extreme climates, are good
foragers, and do well in free range situations. But watch out! Their excellent stamina
and flying capabilities make them crafty escape artists. Many Old English Games live
as long as 15 years or more.

Silkie
Silkies are an ancient breed originating in the Far East, most likely
China. They were first documented by Marco Polo himself around the year
1300. He encountered a travel with “a furry chicken.” Silkies are arguably
the most popular and beloved of all ornamental breeds. They are the pocket
pet of the chicken world, with sweet and friendly temperaments and
feathers that feel more like hair. Because they are so tame, they are easily
bullied by other birds. They are very broody and devoted mothers to
anything that hatches from an egg – they’ll even adopt other chicks!
Silkies have black skin and black bones, a walnut-shaped comb, and
turquoise earlobes. Their fuzzy feathers come in a variety of colors, but
because of the feather structure, silkies cannot fly and are not water proof.
If they get wet, they need to be dried off with a towel before they catch a
chill.
 ECONOMIC USES

EGG MEAT EGG&MEAT

 Leghorn, Ancona,  Plymouth Rock,  New Hampshire,

Minorca, Cornish, Sussex, Australorp, Rhode
Fayoumi, Isa Brahma, Hy-Line, Island Red,
Brown, Babcock, Rose Broiler, Asil, Plymouth Etc.
Star Cross, Cochin Etc.
Lohmann Etc.