POPULATION

AND
DEMOGRAPHY
 POPULATION

 The Study of population is of major concern to
sociologist and social scientists. To sociologists ,
population is the number of persons occupying a
certain geographic are, drawing substance from
their habitat, and interacting with one another.
 "Population growth" is a major factor in energy
consumption, housing shortages ,inflation , food
security, unemployment and environmental
degradation. Many scientists warn that
unchecked population growth threatens to
consume an already compromised store of the
world's resources.
 DEMOGRAPHY
Demography (from the Greek "demos",
people) as the statistical study of human
populations with regard to their size and
structure, their compositions by sex, age,
marital status and ethnic origin, and the
changes to these populations like changes in
their birth rates, death rates and migration.
Demographers gather , collate, and analyze
population data and make a technical
presentation theory.

DEMOGRAPHY HAS THE FOLLOWING
PRIMARY TASK:

1. To ascertain the number of people

in a given area.
2. To know the resources available for
their support.
3. To determine what changes, growth
or decline this number represents and
explain the cause(s) of changes.
4. To estimate on this basis the future
trends.
5. To know the different kinds of people
who may make up any given population
with regard to their physical, mental and
cultural characteristics.
6. To categorize people on the basis of
characteristic like age, sex , marital.
 IMPORTANCE OF DEMOGRAPHY AND
DEEMOGRAPHIC DATA

 The programme of action of the United Nations Conference on

Population and Development, Cairo 1994,” The everyday
activities of all human being af fect community pattern and
levels ,the state of environment, and the pace and quality of
economic and social development.

 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
 Provide a basic for predicting future trends and making informed
decisions.

 PANOPIO states, DEMOGRAPHIC data importance for the;

 Formulation
 Implementation
 Evaluation of plans
 Policies
 Programs for education
 Housing
 Health
 Employment
 Transportation
 Recreational need
 Other forms of social services.
 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Can guide policy makers in meeting the
needs of various sectors of the society,
such as the YOUNG,ADULT and AGED ,
UMEMPLOYED,POOR, and the various
cultural groups .
SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA

-Population Census like

population count.
- Vital registration statistics
system like birth, death,
marriage, and divorce
-Sample or Special Surveys
like surveys of household
-Demographic data gathered
and processed by the
government
COMPONENTS/ PROCESSES OF
POPULATION CHANGE

Components/ Processes of
Population Change

Morality Migration
Fertility
(immigration ,
(Births) (Deaths) emigration)
1.) FERTILITY - Refers to the actual number of
children born to a woman or a group of women. A
simple way to measure fertility is to get the crude
birth rate: the number of registered births per 1,000
of the population in a given area at a specified time.
In equation form

CBR = Registered number of Births in a year x 1,000

Total mid-year population
 SOME REASON WHY PHILIPPINE
POPULATION RAPIDLY INCREASES
- Having a large family is traditional to us.
- Perpetuation of the family name .
-Support or security during old age.
- Additional child means additional help in the farm .
-Traditional values of fatalism and “ Talaga ng Diyos ” .
- An additional child is God -sent, a manna from heaven.
-Belief that God will provide in all our needs.
-Belief that a family is a happy family; the bigger, the merrier .
-Macho image, or image of virility of fathers having big
families.
-Help in housework and earning a living.
2.) MORTALITY - Refers to the number of
deaths per 1,000 of the total mid-year
population in a particular place at a specified
time, and is measured by the crude of death
rate. In equation form,

CDR = Registered number of deaths a year x 1,000

Total mid-year population
 FACTORS THAT DECLINE THE RISE OF
MORTALIT Y
-Advance Science of Technology
-Intensified nutrition or diet.
-Hygiene and sanitation.
-Introduction of safe water supply.
-Improved ways of sewage waste.
- New medical discoveries.
-Improved medical services.
-Adoption of public health services.
-Use of Antibiotic
Life Expectancy - Refers to the
average of number of years a
person is expected to live at
the time of birth.
3 .)MIGRATION - Another factor which affects
population change. Migration refers to the
spatial movements of a group of persons from
one place to another, more or less for
permanent residency.
- When one enters the country of destination it
is called immigration. When one leaves the
country in order to move to another is called
emigration.
Internal migration - Is the spatial
movement of a person or group of persons
within a country or specified territory,
more or less for permanent residency.
International migration - Is the spatial
movement of a person or group of persons
from one country to another, more or less
for permanent settlement .
FORCES INVOLVED IN MIGRATION
1.) PUSH – refers to the unfavorable or unattractive
conditions which impel a person to move out of an
area. Example: Natural Disasters (floods, famine,
volcanic eruptions) War Racial Discrimination Political
Repressions.
2.) PULL – refers to the favorable conditions or
attractions of locality which lure a person or group of
persons to move into that area. Example: Favorable
climate Employment opportunities Peace and order
Political and religious freedom Recreational and
cultural facilities.
 TWO TYPES OF MIGRATION

1.) Immigration - when one

enters a country or destination.
2.) Emigration - when one
leaves the country in order to
move into another.
 POPULATION PYRAMID
- The population pyramid shows the effects of
the three patterns discussed earlier – births,
deaths, and migration.
-Refers to two-dimensional graph used to
display the age and gender structure of a
population.
-As the birth rate decreases, the pyramid takes
on a more diamond shape, it means that a
great portion of the population are added to the
nation’s productive labor force.
 SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF
POPULATION
Some characteristics of population include age
structure, sex composition, depency ratio, population
density.

ӿ Age Structure- refers to the proportion of people at

the different age levels. The Philippine age structure is
relatively young. Most Filipinos are young and we still
except our population to be youthful in the years to
come.
ӿ Sex composition- refers to how the total population
is composed in terms of being males or females .
ӿ Depency ratio- refers to the proportion of the
0-4 and the 65 over age levels per one hundred
persons aged 15-64. A high depency ratio
implies heavy financial support for more
dependents.
ӿ Population density- refers to the number of
persons that can be equally and statistically
distributed per square kilometer in a given
geographical area considering the population in
the said area.
 WORD POPULATION GROWTH

-Anthropologists have estimated that people have been in

this earth for about a million years. Ehrlick and Holden
(1997) stated that, admittedly, accurate data of population
during human kind's early years are difficult to estimate,
but information based on circumstantial evidence show
that the population then was about 125,000 when people
were the hunter gatherers.
-Population back when people are hunter -gatherers was
about 125,000 based on the circumstantial evidences.
-1850 – slow population growth that in fact, several
hundred years were needed for the population of Earth to
reach 1B (Willford , 1981).
- 1930 – population grew to 2 billion due to advances
in medicine, farming and transportation. -1960 –
population grew to 3 Billion.
-1975 – 4th billion of people were added. Although
population began to decline, there are still -146 new
human beings each minute, 8790 an hour, 210959 a
day, and 77M a year (Nossiter, 1983).
-1987 – fifth billion was reached.
-World population is projected to cross 7B in 2013; 8B
in 2028; 9B in 2054; above 10B at 2200 (The World at
Six Billion, UN Population Data Division)
THEORIES ON POPULATION GROWTH AND
DECLINE

Thomas Malthus
-An Essay on the Principle of Population .
If left unrestricted, human populations would continue to
grow until they would become too large to be supported by
the food grown on available agricultural land. He proposed
that, while resources tend to grow arithmetically,
population grows exponentially. At that point, the
population would be restrained through mass famine and
starvation. Malthus argued for population control, through
moral restraint, to avoid this happening.

Basis: •The need for food and

•The passion between sexes.
Marxian Theory
- Karl Marx
- the widespread poverty and misery of
the working class people was, not due to
an eternal law of nature but to the
misconceived organization of society.
Starvation was caused by the unequal
distribution of the wealth and its
accumulation by capitalists.
Demographic Transition Theory
Demographic transition is a term, first used by Warren S.
Thompson (1929), and later on by Frank W. Notestein
(1945), referring to a historical process of change which
accounts the trends in births, deaths and population
growth that occurred in today’s industrialized societies,
especially European societies. This process of demographic
change began for the most part in the later 18th century. -
The theory postulates a particular pattern of demographic
change from a high fertility and high mortality to a low
fertility and low mortality when a society progresses from
a largely rural agrarian and illiterate society to a dominant
urban, industrial, literate and modern society.
 CONSEQUENCES AND IMPLICATIONS OF
RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
 The Rapid population growth of the world, especially among
developing and underdeveloped countries, accentuates many
social and economic problems. As a consequence, they fall
further behind the technologically advanced industrialized
countries in their ef forts to modernized and to improve the
quality of life for their people. It includes the following:
 -Nearly half the world's population is undernourished to the
point of low vitality and high vulnerability to starvation
disease and death.
 -Most people live in poverty, the resources needed for capital
development are used up, and its unemployment is high. -
Overcrowding occurs, public services are strained, and the
environment is polluted.
-Environmental destruction and degradation in
order to produced food by any possible method.
-Many children are pushed to work for the
sustenance of their everyday life through child
labor and prostitutions and mendicancy.
-The high ratio if children to the adults in
working age who must provide for their
education and welfare not only places a severe
strain on the budgets, but tends to hamper
improvement in the efficiency of education and
health services to the nation's children.
-Criminality and Illegal Activities.
-Migration to urban centers
-Quality if education deteriorates, as
there are enough classrooms,
teacher, books, and instructional
materials.
-Moral and spiritual degradation.
MEASURE OF POPULATION CONTROL

At present, the Philippines and the whole

world as well, face the problems brought
about by rapid population growth.
Population Explosion – refers to the
remarkable increase in population
brought about by a stubbornly high birth
rate and a declining death rate (Hauser,
1969).
 The following measures and programs on population
control in the international, national and local levels are hereby
presented:
 1 . A number of resolutions to come up with programs aimed
at curbing population explosion have been adopted by united
Nation Organization and its member countries in three
previous conventions: the world population Conference in
Bucharest, Romaine in 1947; the International Conference in
Population in Mexico City, Mexico 1984; and the international
Conference in Population and Development in Cario, Egypt in
1994.
 2.) Adoption of planned parenthood or family
planning as a national policy of many countries.
 3.) Disseminating Information on Family planning
through government agencies and even private
institutions.
 4.) Legalization of abortion as a means a
deterring unwanted pregnancies in the United
States and many European countries.
 5.) Re-Educating the people concerning their
beliefs and practices which favor big family size.
 6.) Softening of the Roman Catholic Church on the
use of contraceptives or artificial birth control
methods.
 7.) Encouragement of delayed marriages and control
of births within marriage.
 8.) In the Philippines, the population Commission
was created to serve a policy making, coordinating ,
and monitoring agency on matters pertaining to
population.
 9.) The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
provides fund for contraceptive research and
production.
 CONTROL OF POPULATION EXPLOSION
MUST BE A SLOW PROCESS. THREE THINGS
ARE CERTAIN, HOWEVER:
First, population can be reduced by
conscious and deliberate control of
reproduction by individuals, families, or
societies.
Second, the more people can earn and
learn, the fewer children they want: and
Third, a truly determined, highly organized
nation can check its population explosion
relatively fast .
 PHILIPPINES DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
2018
Population 104,256 ( July 2017 est.)

Median Age Total: 23.5 years

male: 23.1 years
Female: 24 years
(2017 est.)
Population Growth Rate 1.57% (2017 est.)

Birth Rate 23.7 births/1,000

Population (2017 est.)

Death rate 6.1 deaths /1,000 population (2017

est.)
 NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN MARTINEZ
MEMORIAL COLLEGES

Population
Grade 11 – A Students – 44
Grade 12 – A Students – 36
Grade 12 – B Students – 21
Radtech - 4
Psychology – 3

 Total: 107
 Demography
Gender
 Female –64 students
Male – 43 students