Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases

Signs and Symptoms of
Respiratory Diseases
Omer Alamoudi, Professor,

consultant Pulmonologist
MD, FRCP, FACP, FCCP
Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory
Diseases
 Cardinal Symptoms
– Cough
– Sputum
– Hemoptysis
– Dyspnea
– Wheezes
– Chest pain
Diseases
 Other presenting symptoms

– Apnea
– Hoarseness
– Stridor
– Snoring
– Fever
– Night sweating
– Weight loss
Diseases
 Acute cough
– Acute bronchitis
– Pneumonia
– Pulmonary
Embolism
– Left ventricular
failure
Diseases
 Chronic cough (>2 weeks)

– Bronchial asthma
– Chronic bronchitis
– Pulmonary fibrosis
– Lung cancer
– Drugs ( ACE inhibitors)
– Bronchiectasis
Diseases
 Sputum
– Bronchiectasis (yellow,
green, large amount, more in
the morning)
– Lung abscess ( Foul

smelling, more on lying on
the other side of lesion)

– Pneumonia (
yellowish, streaks of blood)
– Pulmonary edema ( Pink
frothy)
Diseases
 Hemoptysis
– Massive >200 ml/episode
– Frank (fresh, bright red, no
sputum)
– Causes
 Lung cancer ( clots)
 Tuberculosis,
Bronchiectasis ( brisk &
brief)
 Pulmonary infarction
 Pneumonia
 A/V malformation
Diseases
 Dyspnea
– Sudden ( seconds)
 Pneumothorax (
Male, COPD, or Tall,
thin)
 Pulmonary embolism
( Female, Pills)
Diseases
 Dyspnea
– Acute dyspnea
(hours to days)
 Bronchial asthma
 Pneumonia
 Massive pleural
effusion
 Pulmonary
edema (LVF, MS)
Diseases
 Chronic dyspnea
(months to Years)
– Emphysema
– Chronic
thromboembolism
Diseases
 Types of dyspnea
– Paroxysmal dyspnea
 Bronchial asthma (wheezes, no crackles)
 Left ventricular failure (crackles,
cardiomegaly)
– Nocturnal dyspnea
 Bronchial asthma
 GERD
 LVF
Diseases
 Wheezes (Rhonchi)
– Bronchial asthma
– COPD
– Pulmonary embolism
– Lung cancer
– Bronchiectasis
– LVF
Diseases
 Chest pain
– Pulmonary infarction
– Pneumonia
– Acute pleurisy
– Tiet’z syndrome
– Angina pectoris
Diseases
 General examination
– Sputum
 White mucoid Chronic
bronchitis
 Purulent, yellow, green Suppurative
lung syndrome
 Red TB, Ca lung,
PE
 Frothy pink Pulmonary
edema
Diseases
– Sputum
 White mucoid
 Purulent, yellow, green
– Suppurative lung
syndrome
 Red
– TB, Ca lung, PE
 Frothy pink
– Pulmonary edema
Diseases
– Respiratory rate (n=14±2)
– Cyanosis (>5gm% of Hb deoxygenated)
 Central (blue hands & tongue)
 Peripheral (blue hands & red tongue)
Diseases
 Hands examination
 Central Cyanosis
– COPD, Asthma
– Pneumonia, PE
– A/V malformation
– Cardiac Rt to Lt
shunts
 Peripheral cyanosis
– Cold weather
– Low COP
Diseases
 Clubbing of the
fingers and toes
– Bronchiectasis
– Ca lung
– Lung abscess
– Asbestosis
– Cystic fibrosis
Diseases
 Hands
examination
 Hypertrophic
pulmonary
osteoarthropathy
– Ca lung
Diseases
 Hands examination
 Tremors
– Fine B2 agonist
– Flapping CO2 retention
Diseases
 Head & neck

 Horner's syndrome
– Ptosis
– Enophthalmos
– Miosis
– Anhydrousis
Diseases
 Head and neck

 Face
– SLE (Butterfly
rash)
– Sarcoidosis
(Lupus pernio)
Diseases
 Head and Neck

 JVP
– CHF (Pulsatile)
– SVO (Non
pulsatile)
Diseases
 Chest examination
– Skin (scar)
– Thoracotomy
Diseases
 Shape
– Barrel shape
(COPD)
Diseases
 Shape
– Kyphoscoliosis
Diseases
 Shape
– Pectus excavatum
Diseases
 Head and Neck

 Fundi
– Papilledema
Diseases
 Lymph nodes
Diseases
– Position of the
trachea
 Shifted to the side of
the lesion
– Fibrosis
– Collapse
 Shifted away
– Pleural effusion
– Tension
Pneumothorax
Diseases
– Cardiac apex
(dextrocardia)
– Chest expansion
(n=3-5cm)
– Tactile Vocal fremitus
 Increased
– Consolidation
 Decreased
– Collapse
Diseases
– Percussion
 Decreased
(stony
dull)
– Consolidation
(dull)
– Collapse
– Fibrosis
 Increased
– Pneumothorax &
emphysema
Diseases
 Auscultation
– Breathing sounds
 Vesicular
 Bronchial
 Aegophony
 Whispering pectrology
Diseases
 Auscultation
– Decreased breath sound
 Pleural effusion
 Collapse/Atelectasis
 Pneumothorax & Obesity
– Increased breath sound

 Consolidation
 Cavity
 Top of pleural effusion

Diseases
 Auscultation
– Wheeze (Rhonchi)
– Bilateral
 Asthma, COPD, LVF
– Unilateral
 FB
 Lung cancer
 Mucous plug
Diseases
 Auscultation
– Crackles
(crepitations)
 Fine
– Pulmonary
fibrosis
 Coarse
– Bronchiectasis
– Pneumonia
– Pulmonary
edema
 Friction rub
– Infection,
Infarction, tumor
Diseases
 Examination of
systems related to
respiratory disease
– CVS
 P2, Corpulmonale,
CHF
– Abdomen
 Hepatosplenomegaly
– Renal
 Goodpastures
syndrome
Diseases
Examination of
systems related to
respiratory disease
Locomotor
 Rheumatoid
arthritis, SLE, PAN,
Bone pain
– CNS
 CO2 retention
 Epilepsy
 Cranial nerve palsy
Diseases
 Examination of
systems related to
respiratory disease
 Skin
 erythema nodosum,
vasuclitis
heliotropic rash
Diseases
 Quizzes
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
Thank you
 Suggested Text book to read
– McLeod's sing and symptoms

Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases

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Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Diseases

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Signs and Symptoms of

Omer Alamoudi, Professor,

 Other presenting symptoms

 Chronic cough (>2 weeks)

– Lung abscess ( Foul

the other side of lesion)

 Head & neck

 Head and neck

 Head and Neck

 Head and Neck

 Pneumothorax & Obesity

– Increased breath sound

 Top of pleural effusion

– McLeod's sing and symptoms

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