Learner’s Activity Sheet

General Biology 2 (Quarter IV- Week 3 )

Module 13

Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section: ________________

Activity 2
Teacher: ___________________________________ Date: ______________________________
School: __________________________________________________________________________
Directions: Analyze the picture below. Answer the guide questions, write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
Dear Learner,
Good day! Guide Questions:
In this week, you will learn the Classification of Living Organisms. Specifically, you will 1. What are the two living organisms in the picture?
learn the following (STEM_BIO11/12IVa-h-1) 2. How these two-living organism work to support life? Criteria
1.describe the structures of gas exchange in plants and animals; Excellent Good Poor
2.differentiate the gas exchange in plants and animals; 5 3 1
3.discuss the breathing mechanism of living organisms; Content / Goal Showed Showed good Student did not
4. describe the organs in the human respiratory system and their functions; exceptionally clear understanding of show understanding
5. discuss the coordination of gas exchange and circulation; understanding of the concepts with of the concepts and
6. cite some respiratory problems and impact on public health; the concepts and some references and personal opinion is
strongly and clearly clearly states not easily
states personal personal opinion. understood.
opinion.
Organization The sentences are The sentences are There is little or no
well-written and correct but with few evidence of sentence
Activity 1 complete. inconsistencies. structure.

Directions: List down the different digestive organs and give its specific functions. Do it on a
separate sheet of paper. Activity 3
Digestive Organs Functions

All living thing for the living organisms. Exchanging of gases on earth facilitates all living
organisms to live, grow, develop and perform their specific functions. Gas exchange is the
Guide Question: process where water vapor, and Carbon Dioxide leave and enters plant leaves. This activity
1. Based on your table, what organ of digestive system that also involve in the respiratory takes place during the respiration and photosynthesis. Respiration is process of taking up
system? 5 oxygen from air with simultaneous release of carbon dioxide together, while photosynthesis is
where plants use carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and release oxygen as
2. Aside from nutrition, what else do organisms need that can be acquired from the the waste product. Respiration happens during day and night, supplying a source of energy
environment for their survival? for the plant. Photosynthesis takes place only in the presence of sunlight; thus it ceases at
night.
Criteria Excellent Good Poor Gas Exchange in Animals
5 3 1 Breathing is a physical process of bringing air in and releasing gaseous material into and out
Content / Goal Showed Showed good Student did not of the body. Respiration is the whole cycle of taking oxygen into the body and releasing the
exceptionally clear understanding of show carbon dioxide as waste product.
understanding of the concepts with understanding of Animals have different respiratory structures used for gas exchange. Important respiratory
the concepts and some references the concepts and structures include the gills, the tracheal system, the skin, and the lungs. Gills are used by
strongly and clearly and clearly states personal opinion is fish and other marine species to absorb oxygen trapped in water and filter carbon dioxide out
states personal personal opinion. not easily of the bloodstream. Fish and other marine species have gills that are used in water to absorb
opinion. understood. dissolved oxygen. When the oral valve opens in their mouth, the water draws into the buccal
Organization The sentences are The sentences are There is little or no cavity. The opercular cavity, which contains the gills, then closes. When the oral valve is
well-written and correct but with few evidence of closed, the operculum (gill cover) opens the gills to force the water out. The blood in the
complete. inconsistencies. sentence structure. capillaries flows into the gill filament in a direction contrary to the flow of water. This
opposite flow allows countercurrent movement, the movement of materials moving in
opposite directions between two fluids. The oxygen molecules thus diffuse from water (higher
concentration of O2) into the blood (lower concentration of O2). This mechanism maximizes
1
the efficiency of gas exchange, since all fluids flow in the same direction, the difference in
concentration will rapidly decrease. Among insects the tracheal system is normal. This
mechanism does not require the direct intervention of the circulatory system for
transportation of O2 and CO2 because the air will pass directly to the cells. There are pairs of
openings called spiracles in each segment of the insect's abdomen, where air enters and
exits the body. These openings connect to the tubular trachea network which eventually
branches into tracheoles. Once the oxygen enters the tracheoles it diffuses into a neighboring
body cell's cytoplasm. At the other side, CO2 that is produced as a waste product diffuses
through the tracheal system out of the cell and ultimately out of the body. The air sac which
serves as an air reservoir is another part of the tracheal system. Moreover, Amphibians,
earthworms, and some turtles respire through a process called cutaneous respiration and
breathe through their skin. When submerged in water or damp areas they breathe through
their skin. Keeping their skin moist is essential for them to enable effective cutaneous
respiration. Its skin secretes mucus through the mucus glands to prevent desiccation.
Cutaneous respiration also occurs through concurrent exchange, where the direction of the
absorbed oxygen is directly opposite the circulation of the blood in the skin. Further, some
animals, including amphibians and earthworms, may use their skin to pass gasses between
the outside environment
and the circulatory system due to the capillary network below the skin. In mammals the
lungs are the main respiratory organs. Before entering the lungs, the air must go through
different organs during respiration. This travels into a windpipe called trachea when air is
inhaled. Instead the trachea separates the air into channels called bronchial tubes or
bronchi at the lungs. The air travels into smaller airways called the bronchioles with tiny
balloon-like air sacs at their ends before they enter the lungs. Surrounding the alveoli are
capillaries, a network of tiny blood vessels. These vessels are the gas-exchange sites. After
the deoxygenated blood in the capillaries absorbs the oxygen from the walls of the alveoli, it
travels to the heart which in effect pumps it across the body to supply the cells with oxygen.
In comparison, the blood carries CO2 released by the cells back to the lungs where it is
eliminated by exhalation.
Mechanism of Gas Exchange in Animals
Animals need oxygen for their metabolism. 21% of air is made up of oxygen. Respiration
requires oxygen. The function of the respiratory system of the animals is to supply oxygen for
the metabolic needs to the cells to remove one of the waste materials for cellular metabolism,
carbon dioxide. Gas exchange in animals refers to the exchange of respiratory gases-
absorption of molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide discharge. This method follows the
concept of diffusion, by moving molecules from a high concentration region to a low
concentration region. Air first enters the body through the mouth or nose, quickly moves to
the pharynx (throat), passes through the larynx (voice box), enters the trachea, which
branches into left and right bronchi within the lungs and further divides into smaller and
smaller branches called bronchioles. The smallest bronchioles end in tiny air sacs, called
alveoli, which inflate during inhalation, and deflate during exhalation. Gas exchange is the
delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide
from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs between the alveoli in the lungs and network of
blood vessels called capillaries located in the walls of the alveoli. The walls of the alveoli share
a membrane with the capillaries in which oxygen and carbon dioxide move freely between the
respiratory system and the bloodstream. Oxygen molecules attach to red blood cells, which
travel back to the heart. At the same time, the carbon dioxide molecules in the alveoli are
blown out of the body with the next exhalation.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Oxygen diffuses down a pressure gradient from the lungs into the blood plasma to red blood
cells to binds to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin gives up its oxygen in tissues where partial
2
pressure of oxygen is low, blood is warmer, partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher and
pH is lower; these four conditions occur in tissues with high metabolisms. Moreover, Carbon
Dioxide diffuses down its partial pressure gradient from the tissues into the blood plasma
and red blood cells to air in alveoli. 7% is dissolved plasma, 23% binds with hemoglobin to
form carbaminohemoglobin and 70% is in bicarbonate form. Bicarbonate and carbonic acid
formation are enhanced by the enzyme carbonic anhydrates, which is in the red blood cells.
Respiratory Problems
Asthma is characterized as a severe, chronic respiratory condition due to inflammation of the
airways causing difficulty breathing. Symptoms of asthma include dry cough, wheezing,
tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) is an umbrella term that encompasses several respiratory illnesses that cause
breathlessness, or the inability to exhale normally. People usually develop symptoms,
including shortness of breath, and 8
usually cough up sputum (lung mucus), particularly in the morning. Chronic bronchitis is a
form of COPD emphasized by a chronic cough. Usually people cough up sputum (mucus from
the lungs), especially in the morning. Emphysema is another type of COPD which is a severe
respiratory disease. Smoking the most common cause. Many suffering from emphysema have
difficulty breathing out oxygen from their lungs. Cigarette smoke destroys the air sacs in the
lungs to the point that they cannot repair themselves anymore. Lung Cancer this cancer is
difficult to detect, with the ability to develop in any part of the lungs. The cancer most often
develops near the air sacs in the main portion of the lungs. Within the lungs, DNA mutations
allow irregular cells to multiply, causing unchecked development of abnormal cells or
tumors. These tumors interact with normal lung functions. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic
respiratory disease caused by a defective gene which produces thick and sticky mucus which
obstructs tubes and passages. This mucus induces frequent and harmful lung infections as
well as pancreatic obstructions that block vital enzymes from breaking down the body 's
nutrients. Pneumonia is a common lung disease caused by an infection in the air sacs in the
lungs. The infections can be bacterial, viral or fungal. Most people can recover in one to three
weeks, but for certain people, pneumonia can be extremely serious and even life-threatening.
Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid between the lung and the chest wall in what is called
the pleural space. The fluid can collect for a variety of reasons, including pneumonia, cancer
or congestive heart failure. Patients notice symptoms of increasing chest discomfort and
shortness of breath. COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that belongs to a large family of
viruses called coronaviruses. This type of virus infects humans and animals, but this new
strain has not been seen in humans before 2019. The virus seems to have originated in
Wuhan, China. The virus spread mainly from person-to-person between people who are in
close contact with one another (within about 6 feet). Like other viruses, COVID-19 spreads
through droplets released when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. The primary
symptoms are cough, shortness of breath and fever.
Gas Exchange in Plants
Green plants require a supply of carbon dioxide and a way of disposing of oxygen to carry on
the photosynthesis. Plant cells need oxygen and a means of disposing of carbon dioxide (just
like animal cells do) to carry on cellular respiration. Unlike animals, plants have no
specialized organs for gas exchange. During the day plants will produce more oxygen via
photosynthesis than they consume during respiration. Therefore, there is net production of
oxygen and net consumption of carbon dioxide. However, at night when plants are not
photosynthesizing there will be a net production of carbon dioxide and consumption of
oxygen. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water
vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata. In small plants such as mosses, more comparison statements in each statements in each
leaves and other structures are very thin, and gases can move in and out via diffusion. In statements in each circle. circle.
more complex plants oxygen and carbon dioxide is exchanged through the stomata on leaves, circle.
stems and roots. Stomata can regulate gas exchange by controlling when they are open and
when they are enclosed. Stomata are most abundant on the leaves of the plant. This pore is
bordered by two cells known as guard cells which control when the stomata is opened and
closed. The opening and closing of stomata can be in response to water moving in or out of Activity 5
the cell When water moves into the cell, the turgor of the cell increases
Plant Stomata 9 Directions: Complete the statement below. Choose the answer inside the box. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
causing them to lengthen and open the stomata. Opening and closing of the stomata can also
be in response to light and low internal carbon dioxide levels. For aquatic plants, water
plants will have special adaptations that allow them to exchange gases within their moist
environment. Some plants such as lily pads have leaves that float giving them ready access to
air. Mangroves have pneumatophores also known as aerial roots that grow above the water’s
surface. Submerged aquatic plants can exchange gases with water across their epidermis.

Activity 4

Directions: Using the VENN Diagram, differentiate the gas exchange of plant and animals.
Write down the differences and similarities. Do it in a separate sheet of paper.

Activity 6
Directions: List down the different organs of plants and animals involve in the exchanging of
gases and give its specific function. Copy the format and do it on a separate sheet of paper.

Rubric for Scoring Strong Grasp Progressing Not in Evidence

Criteria 15 10 5
Text support All statements are Most statements Few or none of
of comparison supported by the are supported by the statements are
statements text. the text. supported by the
text.
Placement of All statements Most statements Few statements
statements within noting similarities are placed in the are placed in the
the Venn diagram are placed in the correct circle, but correct circle. Activity 7
center circle and student mixed up a
all statements that few statements.
note differences Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your
are placed in the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
correct outer circle.
Number of qualities Have Have 3–4 Have two or fewer
statements e five or comparison comparison

3
1. What is the waste product of the respiration process? A. Plants will reproduce.
A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen B. Plants will grow faster
C. Carbon Dioxide D. Carbon Monoxide C. Plants cannot exchange gases.
2. What process involve in the whole cycle of taking in oxygen and releasing of CO2? D. Plants cannot acquire nitrogen from the atmosphere
A. Absorption B. Circulation C. Photosynthesis D. Respiration
3 What organs of the amphibians responsible to prevent desiccation? References:
A. Eyes B. Heart C. Lungs D. Skin 1. K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies
4. Which of the following animals undergo cutaneous respiration?
A. Grasshopper B. Frog C. Mosquito D. Shark 2. General Biology 2, Module 13 (Adapted from DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN Region)
5. What happened to the alveoli during inhalation?
A. Collapse B. Deflate C. Expand D. Inflate
6. Which of the following respiratory disease caused by smoking? CERTIFICATION
A. Emphysema B. Lung cancer C. Cycotic fibrosis D. Chronic bronchitis This is to certify that my child has successfully done all the
7. What gas needed by the plants for photosynthesis? activities included in this Learning Activity Sheet.
A. Sulfur Dioxide B. Carbon Dioxide
C. Nitrogen Dioxide D. Carbon Monoxide
8. What part of the plants where the most abundant stomata can be found?
A. Flowers B. Leaves C. Roots D. Stem ______________________________ __________________
9. Which of the following control the closing and opening of plants stomata? Name and Signature of the Parent Date
A. Cell wall B. Stem cells C. Guard cells D. Cell membrane
10. Which of the following is TRUE about submerged aquatic plants?
A. Can exchange gases through their root.
B. Can exchange gases within their environment.
C. Can exchange gases through the floating leaves.
D. Can exchange gases with water across their epidermis.
11. All are the respiratory structures of the animals, EXCEPT
A. Gills B. Lungs C. Skin D. Stomata
12.Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?
A. Gills - fish B. Lungs -penguin
C. Tracheal system-grasshopper D. Cutaneous respiration-cockroach
13.Which of the following statement is CORRECT about the functions of the respiratory
system of animals?
I. Supply oxygen for the metabolic needs to the cell to remove the waste materials for cellular
metabolism.
II. Supply oxygen and carbon dioxide for the metabolic needs of the cells for the animals to
live
A. I but not II B. II nut not I
C. Both I and II D. Neither I or II
14. Is it advisable that there is plant inside our home during nighttime?
A. Yes because it is a stress reliever
B. No because more insects will stay inside.
C. No because plant will serve as a competitor of oxygen
D. Yes because it gives off oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.

15.What will happened if the stomata of the plants will not be closed?