understanding of the autopsy findings seen 1628 circulation of blood 1900’ with the unaided eye with the clinical course of through the heart and body that had until then s illness, so Virchow correlated microscopic been a mystery. Giovanni Morgagni of pathology to illness. Padua did autopsies to This method not only relate the patient’s allowed a better illness to pathologic findings after death. 1761 understanding of the damage cancer had 1900’ This laid the foundation for scientific oncology, done, but also aided s the development of the study of cancer. cancer Body tissues removed by the surgery. development of the surgeon could now anesthesia allowed 1800’ surgery to flourish and 1900’ be examined and a precise diagnosis could s classic cancer operations such as s be made. The pathologist could also tell the radical the surgeon whether the mastectomy were operation had completely developed. removed the cancer. HUMORAL Lymph Chronic trauma blastema irritation THEORYTHEORYTHEORY THEORY THEORY Hippocrates believed Life was believed to German pathologist Virchow proposed Despite advances in that the body had consist of continuous Johannes Muller that chronic irritation the understanding of 4 humors (body fluids): and appropriate demonstrated that was the cause of cancer, from the late blood, phlegm, yellow movement of the fluid cancer is made up of bile, and black bile. parts of the body through cancer, but he 1800s until the When the humors were the solid parts. Of all the cells and not lymph, believed incorrectly 1920s, trauma was balanced, a person was fluids, the most important but he believed that that cancers “spread thought by some to healthy. The belief was were blood and lymph. cancer cells did not like a liquid.” In the cause cancer. This that too much or too little Stahl and Hoffman come from normal 1860s, German belief was maintained of any of the humors theorized that cancer cells. Muller surgeon, Karl despite the failure of caused disease. An was composed of proposed that cancer Thiersch, showed injury to cause excess of black bile in fermenting and cells developed from various body sites was degenerating lymph, that cancers cancer in thought to cause cancer. varying in density, acidity, budding elements metastasize through experimental and alkalinity. (blastema) between the spread of animals. normal tissues. malignant cells and not through some unidentified fluid.