RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

SCIENCE 6 – SECOND QUARTER

 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 When you are breathing, you are inhaling oxygen and
exhaling carbon dioxide.
 The body system that helps you inhale and exhale is called
respiratory system.
 It enables the body to take in oxygen and give off carbon
dioxide and moisture.
 Moreover, a steady supply of oxygen is needed when your
body burns the food you eat.
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
 Nose and Nasal Cavity
 We take in air through our nose and it has two openings
called nostrils, separated by a strong and flexible cartilage.
 Nasal Cavities are hallow spaces which are found inside
our nose and separated by a septum. These are lines with
mucus and hair-like structures called cilia.
 Cilia or the hair inside the nose filter and trap dust and dirt
in the air.
 Nose and Nasal Cavity
 The mucus membrane that line the nasal cavities have plenty
of blood vessels. They warm and moisten the air that you
breathe in.
 Because of the action of the cilia and mucus membranes, the
air that enters your lungs is already free from dust and dirt.
 When you low your nose, you are able to remove the
germs and dirt that got stuck in your nose.
 Pharynx
 The clean, warm, moist air passes through pharynx.
 It has 13 cm. long found at the back of throat.
 It connects the nasal cavity with the trachea.
 It separates two tubes (1. esophagus to the stomach –
passageway of the food; 2. trachea leading to the lungs -
passageway of the air)
 Pharynx

 The tonsils and adenoids located on the pharynx trap and

destroy the bacteria trapped in the mucous membrane.
 Your mouth and nasal cavities open and lead into the
pharynx. This enables you breathe when you have a bad
cold.
 Larynx
 The clean, warm, moist air moves down to the larynx.
 Located at the lower end of the pharynx and on the top of
the trachea is a boxlike structure.
 It is commonly called voice box (contains the vocal cords
in which the air passing it that may cause vibrations, thus the
sound produced).
 The greater the force of air is, the louder the sounds.
 Larynx
 Epiglottis – it is a special flap of tissue found at the
opening of the larynx.
 It closes the larynx when you swallow the food and drink.
 When the epiglottis fails to close when swallowing, the food
enters the larynx. – Result: Choking
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
 Trachea or Windpipe

 It is a stiff tube about 11 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter that

leads to the lungs.
 It is also lined with mucus and cilia that trap the dirt and
dust and sweep them away from the lungs by coughing and
sneezing.
 Bronchi

 In the chest, the trachea branches into two tubes called

bronchi or bronchial tubes.
 These are short tubes that direct air into the left and right
lungs.
 Bronchioles

 Each bronchial tube branches into smaller tubes called

bronchioles.
 These lead into tiny air sacs.
 Alveoli
 These are tiny air sacs.
 Each alveolus is an air sac in the lungs where gases are
exchanged.
 Each alveolus is surrounded by tiny blood vessels called
capillaries.
 The walls of capillaries are thin and moist, allowing easy gas
exchange.
 There are 600 million air sacs in the lungs.
 Lungs
 The lungs which make up most of the space inside the chest cavity.
 The right lung is divided into three parts, called lobes.
 The smaller left lungs divided into only two lobes.
 Each lung is surrounded a thin membrane called pleura.
 Lungs are protected by the rib cage (that has 12 pairs).
 They have a sponge-like quality and a pinkish color and they provide
the surface area for gas exchange and filter gaseous waste materials.
 Diaphragm

 It is a dome shaped muscle that works with the lungs to allow you
to breathe in and breathe out.
 It separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.
 It is the main muscle for breathing.
 Thank you for listening 

Take a deep breath for your next

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