POETRY

ELEMENTS

1 Sense

2 Sound

3 Structure

4 Speaker
ELEMENTS

1 Sense

Diction
Images and Sense Impressions

Figures of Speech
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Tone Color
Alliteration Rhyme

Assonance Repetition
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Tone Color
Alliteration

Peter Piper Picked a Peck of Pickled

Peppers.
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Tone Color
Rhyme

Wool - full Boat - goat

Wall - fall House - mouse

Snow - go War - boar

School - rule Cough - dough

ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Tone Color
Repetition

Because I do not hope to turn again

Because I do not hope

Because I do not hope to turn…

ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Iamb Anapest

Trochee Spondee

Dactyl Pyrrhic
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Iamb de/DUM

behold awake destroy

amuse return inject

arise depict inscribe

ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Trochee DUM/de

happy double

hammer roses

nugget
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Spondee DUM/DUM

football bathrobe

Mayday childhood

dumbbell
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Dactyl DUM/de/de

carefully tenderly

changeable buffalo

merrily
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Anapest de/de/DUM

understand Anapest

interrupt contradict

comprehend Get a life

ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhythm
Pyrrhic de/de

To a

In a

With the
ELEMENTS

1 Sound

Rhyme Scheme
Formal arrangement of rhymes in a stanza or the

whole poem
 THE SPOUSE

Luis G.Dato
ABAB CDCD EFEF AGAG
Rose in her hand and moist eyes young with weeping,
A
She stands upon the threshold of her house,
B
Fragrant with scent that wakens love from sleeping.
A
She looks far down to where her husband plows.
B
Her hair disheveled in the night of passion, C
Her warm limbs with the sacred strife, D
What may she know what man and woman fashion
C
Out of the clay of ire and sorrow - Life?
D
She holds no joys beyond the day’s tomorrow,
E
She finds no worlds beyond her love’s embrace,
F
She looks upon the form behind the furrow,
E
Who is her Mind, her Motion, Time and Space
F
O somber mystery of eyes unspeaking,
A
O dark enigma of life’s love forlorn;
G
The Sphinx beside the river smiles with seeking
A
The sacred answer since the world was born.
G
ACTIVITY
ELEMENTS

3 Structure
Word Order & Punctuation
The Rose
e.e.cummings

the rose motionless

is dying with grieving feet and

lips of an old man murder wings

mouths
the petals

hush against the margins of steep song

a stallion sweetness , the

mysteriously invisible mourners move

with prose faces andsobbing,garments lips of an old man murder

The symbol of the rose the petals

ELEMENTS

3 Structure
l(a

Shape le

af

[l(a] fa
e.e.cummings ll

s)

one

iness
ELEMENTS

4 Speaker

The speaker is the voice that speaks behind the

scene. In fact, it is the narrative voice that speaks of

a writer’s feelings or situation. It usually appears as a

persona or voice in a poem.

ACTIVITY
 1
The teacher who narrated the story was

pretty ugly.

OXYMORON
 2
Necessity is the mother of invention.

PARADOX
3
Saving my life was my only choice.

OXYMORON
4
The fire swallowed the entire forest.

PERSONIFICATION
 5
Our leader failed to give us the original

copy of his report.

OXYMORON
 6
They do not seem the happiest couple

around.

LITOTES
 7
Nobody goes to that restaurant because

it is too crowded.

PARADOX
8
The hosts announced the top 5 in

random order.

OXYMORON
 9
To shut down the computer, please press

start.

PARADOX
10

Have you ever checked out someone’s

wheels?

SYNECDOCHE
11

He had the nicest ride in town.

METONYMY
ESSAY
ESSAY

Writer states an opinion and explains his

or her reasons for this opinion

ELEMENTS

1 Theme and Content

2 Form and Structure

3 Language and Style

ELEMENTS

1 Theme and Content

What is the main point of

the essay?
ELEMENTS

1 Theme and Content

Human nature, social conditions,

manners, politics, attitudes, arts

ELEMENTS

1 Theme and Content

Present ideas, describe events,

interpret experiences
ELEMENTS

1 Form and Structure

How are ideas ordered to

achieve a single effect?

ELEMENTS

1 Form and Structure

Unity of expression, coherence,

cohesion
ELEMENTS

1 Form and Structure

Three Basic Parts

Introduction
Main Body

Conclusion
ELEMENTS

1 Form and Structure

Two Major Patterns

Inductive Deductive
ELEMENTS

1 Form and Structure

Expository Devices
definition
description
narration
analogy
ELEMENTS

2 Language and Style

What makes the essay literary?

ELEMENTS

2 Language and Style

Mode, tone, attitude, sensibility

of the essayist
ELEMENTS

2 Language and Style

Diction, choice of topic, personal

bias, attitude
GENERAL TYPES

1 Formal or Impersonal Essay

Deals with serious and important topics like philosophy, theology,

science and politics.

2 Informal or Familiar Essay

Covers, light, ordinary, even commonplace subjects.

SPECIFIC TYPES

1 Reflective
5 Biographical

2 Narrative
6 Nature

3 Descriptive
7 Critical

4 Speculative
8 Didactic

9 Scientific
DRAMA
DRAMA

A story is told through the words and

actions of characters. It is meant to be

performed.
KINDS OF THEATERS

1 Arena

2 Medieval

3 Elizabethan

4 Proscenium
KINDS OF THEATERS

1 Arena
KINDS OF THEATERS

2 Medieval
KINDS OF THEATERS

3 Elizabethan
KINDS OF THEATERS

4 Proscenium
TYPES OF DRAMA

1 Tragedy

2 Comedy

3 Tragicomedy
TYPES OF DRAMA

1 Tragedy

A serious drama which the protagonist, traditionally of

noble position, suffers a series of unhappy that lead to

catastrophe such as death or spiritual breakdown.

TYPES OF DRAMA

1 Comedy

Intended to interest and amuse the audience rather

than to make them deeply concerned about the events

that happen.
TYPES OF DRAMA

1 Comedy

COMEDY OF MANNERS

NEW COMEDY

Realistic and satirical is concerned with manners and

conventions of high society

TYPES OF DRAMA

2 Tragicomedy

A play that does not adhere strictly to the structure of

tragedy.
ELEMENTS

1 Plot
5 Movement

2 Characters
6 Music

3 Setting
7 Theme

4 Dialogue
ELEMENTS

1 Plot

Action of drama

2 Characters

3 Setting
ELEMENTS

2 Dialogue

Speeches that the characters use to

advance the action.

ELEMENTS

2 Dialogue

The stage directions gives information as to

where the characters are, when they move, and

perhaps even the insignificance of their

movement
ELEMENTS

2 Movement

SOLILOQUY
A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used in

drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character.

ELEMENTS

2 Movement

ASIDE
An aside is a short comment or speech that a character delivers directly to the

audience, or to himself, while other actors on the stage appear not to hear.

Only the audience knows that the character has said something to them.
ELEMENTS

5 Music

This may be either sung live by the characters or provided as

background during the performance

7 Theme

Message, central action or what the play is about.

fin