-Fire compartmentation

-Fire tower
-refugee areas
-Ramps
FIRE COMPARTMENTATION
FIRE
COMPARTMENTATION
The division of a building into fire-tight
compartments by fire resistant elements
of building construction in order to
control a fire for a stated period of time
within the compartment of origin.
• Compartmentation Helps in limitation to the
damage of building and its contents :􏰀 Fires on
one or two floors, or when spread over a large floor
area, are extremely difficult to control and
extinguish by manual fire fighting methods. Building
designs with unprotected vertical openings, like
open stairwells, large floor areas without separation
walls, A/c duct work without dampers etc. provide
avenues for fire spread vertically as well as side
ways. Fire fighting operations become difficult and
prolonged as the fire propagation continues
upwards as well as horizontally.􏰀 Judicious
compartmentation of a building is considered as a
primary method among passive fire protection
measures. It helps to segregate a space that has a
higher fire or life hazard than the surrounding
area;􏰀 Limit the size of the fire, thereby limiting the
smoke generation and also facilitate fire
FIRE TOWER
:An enclosed staircase which can only
be approached from the various floors
through landings or lobbies separated
from both the floor areas and the
staircase by fire-resisting doors, and
open to the outer air.
 • For buildings more than 24m in height, refuge
area of 15 sq.m or an area equivalent to 0.3
sq.m per person to accommodate the
REFUGEE AREA occupants of two consecutive floors
An area where whichever is higher, shall be provided as
persons unable to use
stairways can remain
under.For floors above 24 mt and up to 39 m
temporarily to await - One refuge area on the floor immediately
instructions or above 24 m.For floors above 39 m- One
assistance during refuge area on the floor immediately above
emergency 39 m and so on after every 15 m. Refuge
evacuation.
area provided in excess of the requirements
shall be counted towards FAR.The refuge
area shall be provided on the periphery of
the floor and open to air, at-least on one
side, protected with suitable railings.
 • Ramps of slope of not more than 1 in 10 may be
RAMPS
a sloping surface joining two different
levels, as at the entrance or between
floors of a building.
substituted for and shall comply with all the
applicable requirements of all required stairways as
to enclosure capacity and limiting dimensions.
Larger slopes shall be provided for special uses but
in no case greater than 1 in 8. For all slopes
exceeding 1 in 10 and where the use is such as not
to involve danger of slipping, the ramp shall be
surfaced with approved non-slipping
material.Modern Building-Bye-lawsChapter-7Fire
Protection and Fire Safety Requirements b) The
minimum width of the ramps in the Hospitals shall be
2.4 m. and in the basement using car parking shall
be 6.0 m.c) Handrails shall be provided on both
sides of the ramp.d) Ramp shall lead directly to
outside open space at ground level or courtyards
of safe place.e) For building above 24.0 m. in
height, access to ramps from any floor of the
building shall be through smoke fire check door.f) In
case of nursing homes, hospitals etc. area
exceeding 300 sq m. at each floor one of the exit
facility shall be a ramp of not less than 2.4 m. in
width.