Laboratory Reagents &

Solution

Presented by : Roshni Pawar

Rupam Nandi
Samir Pathan
  CONTENTS :

• Introduction
• Classification of reagents
• Labeling of reagents
• Handling of reagents
• Storage of reagents
• Classification of Solution
• Labeling of solution
• Preparation of solution
• Handling of solution

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 Introduction :
1. Reagents : “A reagent is a compound or mixture added to a system
to cause a chemical reaction or test if a reaction occurs.

• The term reagent is often used in place of reactant, but a reagent may
not necessarily be consumed in a reaction like a reactant.

1. For example, a catalyst is a reagent, but is not consumed in the

reaction.
2. A solvent often is involved in a chemical reaction -- it is considered a
reagent, but not a reactant.

E.g. : Concentrate Acids- Bases, Organic solvents, Synthesis Reagents (

Tollen’s- reagent , Nessler reagent, Grignard reagents) , Inorganic
compounds ( oxidizing –reducing agents, catalyst ) , etc

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 1. Solution : “Homogeneous or uniform mixture of two or
more than two substances .
Two components of solution are solute and solvent.
 Solute is dissolved substance
 Solvent is the dissolving medium .”
 Types of solution:
1. Saturated solution : A chemical solution containing the
maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent.
Additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution
2. Unsturated solution : A solution (with less solute than the
saturated solution) that completely dissolves, leaving no
remaining substances.
3. Supersaturated Solution A solution (with more solute than
the saturated solution) that contains more un-dissolved
solute than the saturated solution because of its tendency to
crystallize and precipitate.

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 Classification of reagent :
 Reagent can be classified by there grade in terms of Purity.
1) Technical grade : suitable for non-critical tasks such as
rinsing , dissolving
2) Synthesis grade : for organic synthesis and preparative
tasks
3) Lab grade : covers most solvents used in common
laboratory applications
4) A R grade :used for high precision work. Trace impurities
are restricted to lowest possible limits for high precision. Such
reagents used mainly for analytical applications, research and
quality control . If such reagent meets the ACS specifications it
will be denoted as AR (ACS)
5) ACS grade : ACS stands for American Chemical Society.
Such grades are useful for high quality work

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 6) General reagent (GR) : reagent that meets or exceed AR grade
specifications

7) Extra pure grade – suitable for laboratory accreditations and

also work requiring compliance with pharmacopoeial standard
requirements

8) HPLC grade – solvents meet strict UV absorbance

specifications and are filtered for removal of
sub-micron suspended solids. Omnisolv HPLC grade products
meeting ACS requirements suitable for use in HPLC applications

9) Spectroscopy grade – includes solvents of high purity, low

residue on boiling and having absorption blank in wavelength
region of interest.HPLC/spectroscopy grade for common use in
HPLC and spectroscopic applications. Spectroscopy grade salts
alkali metal salts having transparency in IR region such as KBr,
NaCl, CsI,etc

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 Labeling of Reagents

• Contents of label :
1. Name, Address and Telephone Number of manufacturer
2. Product Identifier
3. Signal Words : DANGER/ WARNING
4. Pictograms
5. Hazard Statements : For example: "Causes damage to kidneys through
prolonged or repeated exposure when absorbed through the skin." The
hazard statements are specific to the hazard classification categories
1. Precautionary Statements
• There are four types of precautionary statements:
– prevention (to minimize exposure)
– response (in case of accidental spillage or exposure, emergency response, and
first-aid)
– storage
– disposal

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Secondary labelling :

• Purpose of labelling
• Workplace reagent labelling primarily serves two
purposes, to:
1. identify the contents of the container
2. warn of hazards.
• Reagent labelling is a complement to other sources of
information such as the MSDS and other labelling
requirements. It aims to assist with the safer use of a
substance by identifying hazards likely to be associated with
the use of the substance.

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• Responsibility
• Chemical suppliers and employers have the primary
responsibility to ensure that in the workplace, hazardous
substances are correctly labelled.

• Employers must ensure that:

1. chemicals are appropriately and correctly labelled
2. labelling is not removed or modified
3. decanted substances are labelled
4. there are prescribed measures for lost labels and unknown
substances

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• Workplace Label
• Workplace labels are required for containers containing:
1. hazardous substances
2. drugs and poisons

labelling is also required for:

• decanted hazardous substances, not for immediate use
• items (and substances) that can produce hazardous substances in
use
• containers not cleaned.
• Hazardous substances must be labelled to show:
1. contents
2. significant hazards
3. complementing other information (including MSDS information
such as directions for use, first aid and emergency procedures)
4. date opened.

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 • Lost Labels
• If the label is lost and the contents are unknown, the
container should be:
1. marked CAUTION DO NOT USE: UNKNOWN SUBSTANCE
2. stored in isolation until the contents can be identified
3. if contents cannot be identified, the contents should be suitably
disposed of (with advice from relevant authorities).
• Replacement of labels
• A new label must be issued and placed on the container when:
1. the substance changes (including new ingredients)
2. new information becomes available that affects the information
provided on the label (often instigated through a change of
MSDS)
3. a new expiry date (if used) is required.

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 • Label Requirements - General
• The requirements for all workplace labels are:
Physical -

1. on outside face of container

2. firmly secured
3. colouring to contrast with background colour.
Detail -

1. English language
2. durable print
3. legible, through size and style.
4. Alterations -

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Handling of reagents
• Safely Using Chemical Reagents
• Always carefully read:
• the reagent label and
• the material safety data sheet (MSDS)
• before working with any new and unfamiliar chemical reagent. Issues to research and
think carefully about before using a new reagent include the following:
1. Chemical compatibility - Is this reagent known to be incompatible with any other
reagents with which you or others in the laboratory might be working?
2. Chemical reactivity - Is the reagent a strong oxidizer? Reductant? Does it react with
moisture? Oxygen?
3. Flammability - Is this reagent flammable?
4. Volatility - Is this reagent volatile?
5. Toxicity - Is the reagent toxic? Is it a mutagen? Carcinogen? What are the symptoms
of exposure?
6. Handling - What personal protective equipment should one use in working with
this reagent? Gloves? What kind of gloves? Safety glasses? Should it be handled in a
hood?
7. Accidents - How should this material be cleaned up in case of a spill?
8. Emergencies - What kinds of emergencies could arise from use/misuse of this
chemical? Are you prepared to deal with these?

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 Storage of reagents

• How to Store Reagents

• Note: this list does not apply to chemicals that must be stored all by
themselves for reasons of reactivity, stench or other special
circumstances.With a parafilmed cap:Reagents that might suffer
negative effects from the laboratory atmosphere.
• Covered with aluminum foil:Reagents that are light-sensitive.
• In a plastic bag:Reagents that smell awful. You might even want
to double-bag.
• On the shelf: Reagents that arethermally stable
• not volatile
• have low or no moisture or oxygen sensitivity
• In the desiccator: Reagents that arethermally stable
• not volatile.
• have some moisture or oxygen sensitivity that could lead to
decomposition

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• In the glovebox: Reagents that arethermally stable
• not volatile.
• degrade extensively when exposed to the laboratory atmosphere
for an extended period of time.

• In the refrigerator: Reagents thatare heat-sensitive

• decompose over days or weeks at room temperature
• have a label that says "Refrigerate!" or "Store at > +4 ° C"
• are volatile
• are highly reactive
• In the freezer: Reagents thathave a label that says "Freeze"
• are very volatile and stay liquid in the freezer
• Very few reagents really need to be in the freezer. If you really want
to put a reagent at low temperature, always consider whether the
contents of your bottle might freeze and break the bottle.

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 Thank You!

Thank You

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