Developed by: Richard M.

Bañez
Batangas State University - JPLPC Campus
Instructional materials for teaching language

Review definitions
of instructional
materials.
Reflect on the
definitions provided
by various authorities
in English Language
Teaching.
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS for teaching language
Instructional materials may be operationally
defined as especially designed classroom
tools which contain instructions to learners
and teachers, and which specify each
increment of learning: the content to be
learned; the techniques of presentation;
practice and use of that content; and the
modes of teaching associated with those
techniques

(Johnson, RELC Journal)

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS for teaching language
 Instructional materials generally serve as
the basis for much of the language input
learners receive and the language
practice that occurs in the classroom
(Richards)

 IMs are an important element within the

curriculum and are often the most
tangible and visible aspect of it (Nunan,
1991)
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS for teaching language
 They can provide a detailed
specification of content, even in the
absence of the syllabus (Richards and
Rodgers, 1986)

 They can define the goals of the

syllabus, and the roles of the teachers
and the learner within the
instructional process (Wright, 1987)
Roles of instructional materials

Determine the
roles of instructional
materials in ESL/EFL
pedagogy.
ROLES of instructional materials

(From Celebrating Diversity through World Literature – Grade 10, First Edition 2015)
ROLES of instructional materials
 Cunningsworth (1995) summarizes the
role of materials (particularly course
books) in language teaching as a:
– resource for presentation materials
– source of activities for learner practice and
communicative interaction
– reference source for learners on grammar,
vocabulary, pronunciation, etc.
– source of stimulation and ideas for classroom
activities
– syllabus (where they reflect learning objectives
which have already been determined)
– support for less experienced teachers who have yet
to gain in confidence in the language classroom
ROLES of instructional materials

(From English for Specific Purposes by Keith Harding)

ROLES of instructional materials
 Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998)
suggest that for teachers of ESP
courses, materials serve the following
functions:
– As a source of language
– As a learning support
– For motivation and stimulation
– For reference
Basic Principles in materials development

Identify the basic

principles in materials
development.
BASIC PRINCIPLES in materials development
 Tomlinson, 1998
– Materials should achieve impact.
– Materials should help learners to feel at ease.
– Materials should help learners to develop confidence.
– What is being taught should be perceived by learners
as relevant and useful.
– Materials should require and facilitate learner self-
investment.
– Learners must be ready to acquire the points being
taught.
– Materials should expose the learners to language in
authentic use.
BASIC PRINCIPLES in materials development
 Tomlinson, 1998
– The learners’ attention should be drawn to linguistic
features of the input.
– Materials should provide the learners with
opportunities to use the target language to achieve
communicative competence.
– Materials should take into account that the positive
effects of instruction are usually delayed.
– Materials should take into account that learners differ
in learning styles.
– Materials should take into account that learners differ
in affective attitudes.
BASIC PRINCIPLES in materials development
 Tomlinson, 1998
– Materials should permit a silent period at the
beginning of instruction.
– Materials should maximize learning potential by
encouraging intellectual, aesthetic and emotional
involvement which stimulates both right and left brain
activities.
– Materials should not rely too much on controlled
practice.
– Materials should provide opportunities for outcome
feedback.
Benefits of instructional materials

Determine the
benefits of
instructional materials
BENEFITS of instructional materials
 TEACHER
– Provide materials for presentation
of new items for reinforcement,
consolidation and practice.
– Provide materials for teaching
particular skills, particular areas of
languages and other special
difficulties.
– Guide the teacher on the methods
and techniques in introducing the
lessons and the series of exercises
for teaching the concepts.
– Give them more opportunity to
make the best use of their time
and skills to do more real teaching.
BENEFITS of instructional materials

 STUDENTS
– Concretize the syllabus
– Opportunity for individual work in or outside the classroom
– Follow a course of study with little help from teachers.
Types of instructional materials

Classify
instructional materials.
TYPES of instructional materials
Worktext Teacher’s book/ teacher’s manual/ teacher’s guide

Workbook/skillbook Textbook Multimedia instructional materials

Reference book Module and self-learning kit (slk)

TYPES of instructional materials
 TEXTBOOK
– Main reference for the entire course
– Usually chose by the school
– Reflects the minimum learning
competencies for specific levels
– Arranged in units or chapters which
can be labeled according to themes,
topics, skills, grammar structures or
functions depending on the syllabus
type followed
– Contains readings, teaching points,
drills, activities, and tasks for every
day lessons
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 WORKBOOK/SKILL
BOOK
– Usually accompanies the
textbook
– Provides exercises and
drills on specific skills in
listening, speaking,
reading, and writing
– Presents reinforcement
and remedial activities to
support lessons in the
textbooks
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 Teacher’s Book/ Teacher’s Manual/
Teacher’s Guide
– Contains a detailed rationale for
textbook
– Explain the scope and the sequence
for the lessons
– Includes introductory notes on how to
use the textbooks, specific objectives
for each lessons and suggested
strategies for teaching the lessons
– Provides guidance in planning the
lessons from materials to suggested
activities
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 WORKTEXT
– Combines the features of the
textbooks and workbooks
– Provides teaching points like those
in the textbook
– Reinforces the teaching points with
many drills and exercises just like
those that contain an A-Z or
practical suggestions for teaching
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 MODULE and SELF-
LEARNING KIT (SLK)
– More interactive than the other
types of written IMs that appear in
the workbook
– Develops independent study
through self-paced instruction
– Contains post-test, pre-test, lesson
inputs, exercises and drills—
provisions for self-paced learning
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 REFERENCE BOOK
– Provides general information on
various topics
– Includes encyclopedia, dictionary,
atlas, manuals, etc.
TYPES of instructional materials
TYPES of instructional materials
 MULTIMEDIA
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS
– Audio and Visual materials
accessible through various media
like radio, television, and the
computer
– Also includes interactive courseware
on various topics
TYPES of instructional materials
The curriculum, syllabus, and the learning competencies

Learners’ learning styles, aptitudes, proficiency

Pedagogical principles held by the teacher

Societal demands