IOT BASED AIR QUALITY MONITORING &

CONTROL USING EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Project Guide :
Dr. K.SAMBATH M.Sc., M.Phil.,Ph.D. S.SUDARSHAN

Head of Department 17 MEC010

Department of ECS II M.Sc.ECS

 In modern world pollution is a major problem faced by humans. If we talk about

pollution then the air pollution plays a vital role. The mixture of solid dust from many sources and

liquid droplets mixed with air and cause to pollute. The major things behind of this air pollution is

vehicles and industries.

But an average adult inhales and exhales like 7 or 8 litres of air every minute at rest. That

totals about eleven thousand litres of air in a single day. That's why it's important to measure

quality of air to be inhaled especially for the person who outstay some respiration problem, like

asthma, lungs infection etc.

 So it is very necessary to monitor and control pollution level in air to live a healthy life.

This proposed system monitors the level of air pollution in industry through pm sensor, once

the level exceeds then it is controlled by means of dust collector. Gas sensor has a potential to

detect different harmful gases. If it finds any toxic gases, it sends output signal to MCU then

buzzer will on. We can see those pollution levels using LCD and also from anywhere using our

smart gadgets with the help of IoT.

 GND
MQ135 BME 280
3.3V
VCC GND AO VCC GND SCL SDA

EN D23
D36 D22
16 X 2 LCD
D39 D01

VSS VCC RS R/W EN D0D1D2D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A K D34 D03

D35 D21
D32 D19
D33 ESP D18
D25 WROOM D05
SDS011
D26 32 D17
RX
D27 D16 TX
VCC
D14 D04 GND
D12 D02
D13 D15
GND GND
+5V VIN 3V3
 The circuit diagram of IoT Based Air Quality Monitoring and control system is shown in previous
slide. The circuit diagram consist of ESP32 Node MCU, BME 280, SDS 011, Buzzer, MQ135 and LCD.
ESP 32 is a heart of the circuit.

BME 280 Sensor is communicate with Node MCU using I2C bus. The I2C is a serial
bus protocol consisting of two signal lines such as SCL(pin 22) and SDA(pin 21) lines which
are used to communicate with the MCU. SDS 011 Sensor is communicate with MCU using
normal serial communication. The Rx pin of sensor is connected to Tx (pin 16) and Tx pin of sensor is
connected to Rx (pin 17) of MCU. Buzzer is connected with pin 39 of MCU. A0 pin of MQ135 is
connected to pin 36 of MCU.

16X2 LCD is communicate with MCU using 4-bit parallel mode. MSB data bits of LCD is
connected to MCU pins D14, D27, D26 and D25 respectively. The RS pin is connected to pin D13 and
EN pin is connected to pin D12 of MCU.
NODE MCU - ESP WROOM 32
ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system on a chip microcontrollers with
integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The ESP32 series employs a Tensilica Xtensa LX6 microprocessor
in both dual-core and single-core variations and includes in-built antenna switches, power
amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier and power-management modules. ESP32 is created and
developed by Espressif Systems, a Shanghai-based Chinese company.

It has 448 KB of ROM and 520 KB of on-chip RAM. Its flash memory size is 4MB. Its operating
frequency is 240MHz and performing at up to 600 DMIPS.

ESP32 integrates a rich set of peripherals, ranging from capacitive touch sensors, Hall
sensors, Ethernet, high-speed SPI, UART , I2C, ADC(12 bit ) and DAC (8bit).
 The SDS 011 Sensor is a quite recent Air Quality Sensor developed by inovafit , a spin-off
from the university of Jinan (in Shandong). It is used to measure the concentration of PM2.5 and
PM10 in air .

Specification :

 Output: PM2.5, PM10

 Measuring Range: 0.0-999.9μg/m3
 Input Voltage:5V
 Maximum Current: 100mA
 Sleep Current:2mA
 Response Time: 1 second
 Particle Diameter Resolution:≤0.3μm
 Relative Error: 10%
 Temperature Range: -20 to 50°C
 The BME280 is an integrated environmental sensor developed specifically for mobile
applications where size and low power consumption are key design constraints. The unit
combines individual high linearity, high accuracy sensors for pressure, humidity and temperature.

 Specification

 Pressure: 300 to 1100 hPa

 Temperature: -40 to 85°C
 Interface: I2C or SPI
 Average current consumption : 3.6 μA
 Response time : 1 s
 Accuracy tolerance: ± 3 % relative humidity
 The MQ-135 gas sensor senses the gases like ammonia nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols,
aromatic compounds, sulphide and smoke. MQ-135 gas sensor can be implementation to detect
the smoke, benzene, steam and carbon-dioxide. It has potential to detect different harmful gases.
The MQ-135 gas sensor is low cost to purchase.
Specification :

 Operating Voltage is +3 to 5V.

 Detect/Measure NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2, etc.
 Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V.
 Digital output voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic).
 Preheat duration 20 seconds.
 Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor.
 The Sensitivity of Digital pin can be varied using the potentiometer.
LCD & BUZZER
An LCD is an electronic display module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible image.
The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in circuits. The 16×2 translates a
display 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in a 5×7 pixel
matrix.

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be electromechanical,

or piezoelectric . Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices,
IOT & THINGSPEAK
The Internet of things (IoT) is the network of devices, vehicles, and home appliances that contain
electronics, software, actuators, and connectivity which allows these things to connect, interact and
exchange data. IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such
as desktops, laptops. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and interact over
the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.

ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data
from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. ThingSpeak enables
the creation of sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of
things with status updates. ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing
software MATLAB from MathWorks allowing ThingSpeak users to analyze and visualize uploaded data
using Matlab without requiring the purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks.
 This system gives one way of controlling the air pollution level using dust
collector. Using this embedded system the pollution level has been reduced as
much as possible in large industries. This proposed system is beneficial for
persons in pollution control department to monitor the amount of particulate
matter produced by each industry through IoT.

 This system requires frequent maintenance for efficient operation. With proper
design, installation, and management, this systems can provide good and
reliable performance in future with Internet of things and it will be adopted
worldwide.