Professional Documents
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by
RAHUL KUMAR
Metro stations Malls Sports venues Airports Toll gates Lift Car parking
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
What is it ?
Reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting number of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately
When anybody enters into the Room then the counter is Incremented by one and when any one leaves the room then the counter is decremented by one. The total number of persons inside the room is displayed on the seven segment displays.
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
If sensor pair one is been obstructed (P3.2 becomes one) first, implies persons entry and second pair is obstructed (P3.3 becomes one) first shows exit.
ENTRY Receiver 1
Transmitter 1
D0-D7
Microcontroller
Components
Resistors Capacitors Transistors Quad Op-amp LM324 Integrated Circuits-74LS76(Dual JK Flipflop) Sensors AT89C2051 Microcontroller 7 segment display units ULN 2003AN device driver GS-SH-250T Relay Power Supply IR Transmitter
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
Resistor
Resistor is a passive component that resists the flow of direct or alternating electric circuit. The resistance of the resistor can be estimated by their colour codes. There are some non linear resistors whose resistance changes with temperature or light.
Capacitors
Capacitor is a passive component used to store charge.
Capacitors are used for smoothing power supply variations , coupling the various stages of audio system, tuning in radio circuits, store energy like in a camera flash.
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
Transistors
Transistor is a semiconductor device
used to amplify and switch electronic signals.
Quad op-amp LM324 op An op amp can be used to compare 2 different voltages. If we apply a reference voltage to one of the inputs and then use the other input to monitor a voltage from some point in a circuit, the output of the op amp will go from high to low (or vice-versa) as the monitored voltage crosses the reference voltage.
Sensors
A sensor is a device which receives and responds to a signal.
Optical sensors
Microcontroller/Microprocessor
It is world s most versatile element which human ever created . It find its application in every field which we can think of. It enable us to provide artificial intelligence to every kind of devices which lead to its automation. The bottom line is that it is the brain of any type of embedded system.
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
AT89C2051 Microcontroller
P1. P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST (RXD)P3. (TXD)P3.1 (INT )P3.2 (INT1)P3.3 (T )P3.4 (T1)P3.5 (WR)P3.6 (RD)P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1 GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 4 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 3 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 Vcc P . (AD ) P .1(AD1) P .2(AD2) P .3(AD3) P .4(AD4) P .5(AD5) P .6(AD6) P .7(AD7) EA/VPP ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7(A15) P2.6(A14) P2.5(A13) P2.4(A12) P2.3(A11) P2.2(A1 ) P2.1(A9) P2. (A8)
8 51 (8 31)
Contd...
void main() { IE = 1333; TCON = 5; P3_0=1; P3_1=1; i=0; while(1) { j=i%10; k=i/10; l=i/100; k=k-l*10; P2=a[j]; P0=a[k]; P1=a[l]; }
Contd...
if (i==0) { P3_7=0; P3_6=0; } else if (i>=1 && i<=10) { P3_7=0; P3_6=1; } else if (i>=11) { P3_7=1; P3_6=1; } } }
GS-SHGS-SH-250 T Relay
We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and mechanically.
Circuit diagram
Procedure
Contd...
The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the receiver we use L14F1 (Infrared Sensor). The output goes high when the there is an interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and resistor in the circuit. I.e. around 1 second. This logic is fed to JK flip flop which trigger the microcontroller. Input is given to the microcontroller. Microprocessor gives output to the 7-Segment display. LTS542 (Common Anode) is used for 7-Segment display. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER
Advantages
Provide information to management on the volume and flow of people throughout a location. Human-based data collection comes at great expense. Counting the visitors helps to maximise the efficiency and effectiveness of employees, floor area and sales potential of an organisation. Low-cost microprocessor based visitor counter is easy to build.