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4 Rhythm, Prosody, Tone, Language
4 Rhythm, Prosody, Tone, Language
4. RHYTHM,
PROSODY, TONE,
LANGUAGE
PHONATION FREQUENCY vs TIME FOR THREE ACTORS SPEAKING THE SAME SENTENCE
(“For God’s sake!”) IN FOUR DIFFERENT MODES (Williams and Stevens 1972)
EFFECT OF EMOTION ON PHONATION FREQUENCY
MEDIAN AND RANGE OF THE PHONATION FREQUENCY FOR THREE ACTORS SPEAKING
THE SAME SENTENCE: S=SORROW; N=NEUTRAL; F=FEAR; A=ANGER
RADIO ANNOUNCER SPEAKING BEFORE (top) AND AFTER (bottom) THE CRASH OF
THE HINDENBURG DIRIGIBLE (1937)
STRESS
THIS IS THE TITLE OF AN INTERESTING ARTICLE BY STEN TERNSTRÖM IN THE FALL 2008
ISSUE OF ECHOES.
SPECTRA OF SPEECH SOUNDS ARE ESPECIALLY RICH UP TO 4000 Hz, AND FALL OFF
RAPIDLY ABOVE 5000 Hz. BUT HIGH HARMONICS CAN BE MEASURED UP TO 20 kHz.
EARLY TELEPHONES TRANSMITTED ONLY 300-3500 Hz WITH LITTLE LOSS IN
INTELLIGIBILITY (SEE FILTERED SPEECH IN LESSON 3). IN 2000, A WIDE-BAND
STANDARD FOR TELEPHONY WAS DEFINED UP TO 7 000 Hz, A BIG IMPROVEMENT OVER
THE OLD “TELEPHONE SOUND.” HOPEFULLY CELL-PHONE SOUND WILL SOON SOUND
MUCH BETTER.
Story, Titze, and Hoffman (2001) did a 3-dimensional study of the vocal tract using MRI to
determine the shape when vowels /i/, /ae/, /α/, and /u/ were spoken with NORMAL,
“YAWNY”, and “TWANGY” voice.
Relative to NORMAL speech, the ORAL CAVITY is widened and the TRACT is lengthened for
YAWNY vowels. F1 and F2 moved closer together.
TWANGY vowels were characterized by shortened TRACT length, widened LIP OPENING,
and a slightly constricted ORAL CAVITY. F1 and F2 moved farther apart.
Story, Titze and
Hoffman, 2001)
Story, Titze
Hoffman, 2001)
ACCENTS